PHILOSOPHICAL PERIODICALS. 139 nearer object, when no other considerations influence choice.] Psycho- logical Literature. Correspondence. [C. E. Garman on the teaching of philosophy.] Books received. Index. REVUE PHILOSOPHIQUE. October, 1898. GK Tarde. ' Qu'est-ce que le Crime ? ' [The author criticises and rejects as inadequate various defini- tions of crime which have already been offered. In his view crime is the violation of a right (divine, royal or collective) by a rebel and hostile will, which excites alarm and indignation in proportion respectively to the probability of its being imitated, and to the extent of dissent from established moral opinion on the part of the criminal which it exhibits.] F. Le Dantec. ' Mimetisme et Imitation.' [Examines numerous cases of ' mimicry ' and ' imitation ' among animals, and concludes that many cases can be explained by the Lamarckian hypothesis better than by the Darwinian.] J. Andrade. ' Les Idees Directrices de la Mecanique.' [Mechanics rests on a metaphysical basis, i.e., the majority of its funda- mental concepts are denied a priori and not from experience. They are a means of interrogating experience, not an answer given by experience. Writer proceeds to prove his thesis by a detailed examination of the concepts in question.] Notes et discussions. Eevue generale. Analyses et comptes rendus. November. E. Murisier. 'Le Sentiment Religieux dans 1'Extase (l.).' [Religious ecstasy is an exaggeration of individual religious feeling as fanaticism is the exaggeration of social religious feel- ing. It has its roots in the desire for direction. Mysticism substitutes an ' idee directrice ' for all external direction. By this means a unifica- tion and simplification of the personality of the mystic is effected, yielding the quietude of ecstasy.] F. Evellin et Z. ' Philosophie et Mathema- tique. L'Infini Nouveau.' E. G-oblot. ' Sur la Theorie Physiologique de P Association.' [Writer defends the physiological theory of association, while denying that consciousness can be reduced to an epiphenomenon. Association must be carefully distinguished from memory, even in its simplest form of recognition. Essential to recognition is a ' judgment of pastness,' as a judgment of exteriority is essential to perception and of interiority to self-consciousness. Now all judgment is intellectual. The associative mechanism explains the givenness or non-givenness of a psychical state, but not the intellectual act of judging. " La machine cerebrale n'est pas une machine k penser mais une machine au service d'un esprit qui pense."], Eevue generale. Analyses et comptes rendus. Revue des periodiques Etrangers. December. F. Faulhan. ' Le Developpe- ment de 1'Invention.' [I. As evolution. Two main types. The first may be compared to solving a problem. An end is chosen and is led up to by a process akin to reasoning, e.g., E. A. Poe's ' Raven ' ; in the second we have a natural power working freely and spontaneously, e.g., production of Mozart's compositions. II. As transformation, in which the original germ-idea in the course of its evolution gathers round it other elements, one or other of which gradually comes into conflict with the original idea and finally supplants it. III. As deviation, a combination of I. and II. In the course of evolution discordant elements develop and persist alongside of those which are germane to the subject.] Murisier. 'Le Sentiment Religieux dans 1'Extase (Fin).' [An analysis of the state of mind induced by religious exercises shows that asceticism is valuable as a means to the mono-ideism in which the state of ecstasy consists. In extreme cases, however, the idea disappears and consciousness seems re- duced to a condition of pure feeling. Finally even feeling vanishes and a state of indifference supervenes. Le'vy.-Bruhl. ' A. Comte et Stuart Mill d'apres leur correspondance.' Revue generale. Analyses et comptes rendus. Revue des periodiques Etrangers.
