M:V HOOKS. ;,I7 The 'medium ' in question, who (or purposes of publication IH dubbed "Mademoiselle Smith," the daughter of a Geneveso mother nri.l a II. m garian father, is some thirty years of age and in perfect health, ph and mental, showing no trace of abnormality except in respect to the trances and hallucinations of her mediumship. Shu earns her living M an employee in a responsible position of a large shop in Geneva, working nearly eleven hours a day almost all the year round. In the winter of IS'.U-L' some friends introduced her into a spiritist circle, when' it wan soon discovered that she possessed gifts of 'niediuinsliip' of a remark- able kind. Prof. Flournoy first met her towards the end of lum, and nee then kept her continuously under observation, and preserved the ni'i,t amicable relations with her and her friends, although he h dfil so tar in convincing her or them that the spiritistic inter- pretation ot her phenomena is unnecessary. It should be mentioned that the development of her trances and of the dream lives she exhibits in them is posterior to her acquaintance with Prof. Flournoy, and that he Is it as possible that his influence may have contributed to the ' somnambulistic' form which her mediumship has now assumed. He further states emphatically that her intelligence and character are high, that her action is entirely disinterested, and that she has offered him every facility for the study of her case, the chief features of which are as follows : A secondary personality, which calls itself Leopold and acts as her ' spirit guide,' manifests itself by table-tilting and automatic writing, and during her trances by various methods of signalling, concurrently with the dream impersonations to be mentioned. Leopold, who alleges him- self to have been Cagliostro, and speaks through his medium's vocal organs with a deep voice and an Italian accent, inspires her with salutary hallucinations, jealously watches over and directs her, but is by no means coextensive with her normal personality (p. 114). He knows many things of which the latter is ignorant, but remains in ignorance of many incidents of her personal life. In general his impersonation of is plausible, but his handwriting, though very different from Millie. Smith's,' is not very like Cagliostro' s, and (like hen he appears to be ignorant of Italian, ingeniously excusing himself on the ground that Prof. Flournoy would explain his use of it as a subconsciously recorded ini Miory of Italian spoken in the medium's presence. In addition to Leopold Mdlle. Smith ' possesses a n /n-rlnir-- of no less than three dream live*. In the first of these she travels to Mars, describes and depicts its scenery, and converses with and listens to a variety of personages who are denizens of that interesting planet. Need- o say, the statements made are not capable of verification, and the astronomical value of the description is more than doubtful. Psycho- logically, however, the Martian impersonation is important as affording an observable example of the invention of a fairly copious language and script, which occurs coherently and consistently in connexion with the ' Martian ' trances. Prof. Flournoy shows most instructively that though its vocabulary shows no resemblance to French (the only language ' Mdlle. Smith ' knows in her normal life), yet its grammatical and syntac- tical structure is essentially French. In her second dream life ' Mdlle. Smith's ' imagination goes back to the time when she was Marie Antoinette, and plays the queen with the utmost vivacity and irnpressiveness. Again a distinct handwriting not. however, identifiable with that of the historical queen) characterises this impersonation, in which two of the members of the circle are recognised as Philippe Egalite and the old Marquis de Mirabeau. Evidentially, how-
