PHILOSOPHIC A 1, I'KRIOim'AI.S. .Mil Visual lt.-ti.liii-: ,i Study in Mental Imagery.' [The auditory elem.nt is much more persistent in reading than is urtieiiliition ; both alike are rather aids than necessan elements; iheir pionnnen upon the mental type of the individual. It is possible, to read without articulation and audition.] E. O. Sanford. -Minor studies from the Psychological Laboratory of Clarke University,' xv.-xvii. H. 8. Curtis. 'Automatic Movements of the Larynx.' [Such movements wcur, and are far from uncommon : //. Lehmann and Hanson.] O. O. Stewart. 'Zoellner's Anortlioscopic Illusion.' [General explanation in terms of underestimation of quick and overestimation of slow m.nen.. sidiary factors are movement after-linage, imlireet vision.] a. E. Part- ridge. 'Experiments on the control of the Itetlex Vink.' [Hammer strikes on pane of glass before the face. Two t pen of winks control : ins, with strong reflex tendencies, hut good 'inhibition ; stolid, fear- le-s and inactive.] E. B. Titchener. ' The Equipment of a Psychological Laboratory.' [Suggestions towards an 'ideal' psychological labor, inventory of the appliances of that of Cornell University. ] 1'svchological Literature. Book Notes. Notes and News. Boob NOWTed KKVI-K I'HILOSOPHIQUB. July, 1900. B. Bourdon. ' La perception des inouvements par le inoyen des sensations tactiles des yeux.' [Recount* various experiments and observations which have led the writer to believe that the eyelids play an important part in the visual perception of movements.] L. Dauriac. 'Criticisme et Monadisuie.' [A critique of La Kouvelle Monadologie, by MM. Ch. Benouvier and L. I'rat.] C. Boa. ' Les Croyances Implicites.' [Without certain implicit beliefs, action, perception, memory, feeling, would be impossible. Such funda- mental beliefs are, (1) belief in the reality of one's self (involving belief in the reality of other men, and of an external world); (2) belief in the reality of the present (involving belief in the reality of tlic past and future).] Kevue gcncrale. Blum, 'l.e Moiueinent IVdologique et IVdagogique.' Analyses et comptes rendus. Revue des Pcriodiques Etrangers. Correspondance. August, 1900. L. Bourdeau. ' Cause et Origine du Mai.' [Evil is a limitation and diminution of life. Hence its cause must be sought among the laws which govern life. All finite living beings are constituted such in virtue of a double principle of association and individuation. Each is composed of more simple beings, co-ordinated into a whole and each, iii its turn, appears as a con- stituent element in a larger whole. Evil arises from conflict either between the various members of a whole or between the members an such and the whole.] Dr. Santenoiae. ' Religion et Folie.' [All religion is a form of madness. The characteristic of " conception* dflirante* ' is falsity. Errors are (1) purely intellectual ; (2) intellectual and affective. All "conceptions delirantei" are all the errors of the latter class. Religious conceptions find their place in this class.] Palanta. 'Le Mensonge de, groupe.' Analyses et comptes rendus. Revue des Periodiques Etrangers. September, 1900. Duga* et Riquior. ' L Pari de Pascal.' [A critical inquiry into the logical validity of Pascal's ' wager ' on the existence of God.] R. de la Grasserie. ' L'individualisiue religieux ' [The religious individualist is characterised by (1) his rejection of all intermediaries, whether human or divine, between himself and God ; J bv solitary worship ; (3) by a strictly monotheistic conception of the Deity.] Baron Mourre. ' Les causes psychologiques de 1'Aboulie. 1 Analyses et comptes rendus. Revue des Periodiques Etrangers. REVUE DB MBTAPHYSKJUK KT DK MORALE. 8 Annee, No. 4. Xd. Oroblot. ' La finalite sans intelligence.' [All teleological determination 36
