NEW BOOKS. 123 of all religion". Henceforth it is clear to both sides that " religion may be tacked on by faith or superstition to a Determinist Philosophy or Doctrine of Necessity, but it cannot be rationally evolved from it ". Sermons. By MARK PATTISON, late Rector of Lincoln College, Oxford. London : Macmillan, 1885. Pp. 298. These thirteen sermons by Pattison nine University and four College, mostly belonging to the time of his mental maturity, from 1861 to 1871, but including four of an earlier period (1847-51) have not the intrinsic philosophical importance of Butler's famous fifteen ; but they are a real contribution to philosophy all the same, or at least they disclose a more serious philosophical vein in their author's mind than any of his other writings. Some of them give, with a certain continuity, a view of the relation of religion to the historical development of philosophy early and late, that may serve henceforth as a general framework for the celebrated essay of 1860, in which he described with such striking effect the " Ten- dencies of Religious Thought in England, 1688-1 750 ". These and others also go some way to defining his ethical position. We hope to return, later on, to a volume which "the Editors" (whoever they are) have done a real service to the philosophical thought of the time in giving to the public. The Idea of God as affected by Modern Knowledge. By JOHN FISKE. London : Macmillau, 1885. Pp. xxxii., 173. Man's Destiny (see MIND, Vol. x. 302) was a first Address to the Concord School of Philosophy, and is followed by this second. Mr. Fiske was glad of the opportunity of now speaking about Theism as, in the former Address, he spoke of man's future in both cases denning more precisely, with the full consciousness first reached "two years ago" (p. xxi.), but otherwise not altering, the positions which, as he contends, he had already taken up in Cosmic Philosophy (1874) and The_ Unseen World (1876). Without abating aught from his former condemnation of the teleological method in science, he sees "no reason why, when a distinct dramatic tendency in the events of the universe appears as the result of purely scientific investigation, we should refuse to recognise it". He sought to prove such tendency in Man's Destiny, taking it, though in no " limited anthropomorphic sense," as "the objective aspect of that which, when regarded on its subjective side, we call Purpose". And so now he urges, "there is a reasonableness in the universe such as to indicate that the Infinite Power of which it is the multiform manifestation is psychical, though it is impossible to ascribe to Him any of the limited psychical attributes which we know, or to argue from the ways of man to the ways of God ". Taken together, the two Addresses contain the bare outlines of a theory of religion which the author hopes at some future time to elaborate into a work on the true nature of Christianity. Philosophy and Experience. An Address delivered before the Aristotelian Society, October 26, 1885 (being the Annual Presidential Address for the Seventh Session of the Society). By SHADWORTH H. HODGSON, Hon. LL.D., Edin., Hon. Fellow of C.C.C., Oxford, President. Lon- don : Williams & Norgate, 1885. Pp. 123. The President of the Aristotelian Society here passes from the distinc- tion between philosophy and science (drawn in his last Address) to the distinctions within philosophy itself, in the broader sense in which it "embraces all analysis of fact, including the contrast between itself and science ". The first two rubrics of philosophical method, " Distinction of
