VIII. NEW BOOKS. [Tliese Notes (by various Imnds) do not exclude Critical Notices later on.] The Politics of Aristotle. Translated into English, with Introduction, Mar- ginal Analysis, Essays, Notes and Indices, by B. JOWETT, M.A., Master of Balliol College, Regius Professor of Greek in the Univer- sity of Oxford. Vols. I., II. 1. Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1885. Pp. cxlv., 302, 320. Since these volumes were first mentioned in MIND 41, a careful perusal of them makes it evident that matter for discussion must be looked for rather in the ' Essays ' promised as the concluding part of vol. ii. than in the present instalment of the work. The character of the Translation (in vol. i.) and the scholarship of the Notes (which make up the present part of vol. ii.) are, of course, not subjects for a philosophical journal. Apart from them, the Preface and the Introduction (pp. i.-cxlv.) are all that there is to review ; and here the main questions of the Politics and others con- nected with them are constantly relegated for examination to the forth- coming ' Essays ' (cp. xii., xxii., xxix., &c.). For the publication, then, of the ' Essays ' we must wait in order to estimate the whole work as a con- tribution to political philosophy ; but hints as to their matter and manner may perhaps be gathered from the remarks which, in the Introduction, enliven or illustrate the Analysis of Aristotle's text. Short, and with few exceptions simply put, these sententiolce recognise and meet the diffi- culty of bringing home everyday truths and generally-accepted experiences to the average university-student. That " property has duties as well as rights" (cxiii.) ; that "great offices of state should have each their own sphere divided according to the subjects with which government is con- cerned " (cxvii.) ; that " we ourselves are not aware how much in all mental investigations we are under the influence of language and of crude ideas inherited from the ancients " (cxxxiv.) ; these, and apophthegms like these, constituting perhaps a third of the Introduction, derive from their position a peculiar force which might be lost in a different form of publication. It is promised that the 'Essays' shall also deal with the life and some aspects of the general philosophical work of Aristotle. [A. G.] The Principles of Sociology. By HERBERT SPENCER. Vol. I. Third Edition revised and enlarged. London : Williams & Norgate, 1885. Pp. xii., 883. In this third edition of a volume which has formerly received detailed notice in MIND (Vols. i. 128, ii. 141), although, by careful revision of every chapter, the text (now 761 pp.) has been reduced to the extent of forty pages, the bulk of the volume has not been diminished but rather materially increased. Important additions have been made, first, to Appendix A ("Further Illustrations of Primitive Thought"), "such as practically to constitute it a second demonstration of the thesis demon- strated in Part i. ". This Appendix (pp. 765-817) has been increased to three times its original size (in the first edition). To the fifteen numbered paragraphs of Appendix B, on "The Mythological Theory" (pp. 818-829) a section has been prefixed giving an outline of the argument which follows, to the effect that the theory of a primitive worship of heaven as
