580 CRITICAL NOTICES : whole field of labour. He has for a long time studied Education as a science, and in so doing has availed himself of all the work of his predecessors and contemporaries both at home and abroad. "Whoever wishes to make an exhaustive study of the subject will find in the appendices to his chapters a sort of index to educa- tional literature. Mr. Sully has moreover direct experience of the difficulties of education both in its earliest and most advanced stages. Many of the anecdotes that enliven his book bear the stamp of personal observation. And a humane and serious spirit everywhere dispenses wisdom as well as knowledge. In this Hmitlbonk education is of course treated in a broad and general way, covering both the early years of training at home and the later periods at school. But there would be manifest advantages in treating these ages and conditions separately with more specific detail. Again, whilst a work of this sort begins with psychological principles and then proceeds to apply them to education, teachers might be more readily interested by the method of beginning with the particular problems and difficulties of their art, and then exhibiting the principles involved in them ; or of beginning with the rules of education that have been empirically collected aiid handed down, and then .testing and evaluating these by scientific analysis. One great difficulty of education is how to deal with the various classes into which pupils fall as to their powers and groups of powers. The same treatment cannot be good for all alike : but how to adapt it to U? We want an Ethology of the Schoolroom, somewhat more discriminative than that ethology of the assembly that Aristotle gives in his Rltetoric. After that would come the ques- tion, what studies and combinations were suited to each type. But the field of suggestion is vide and the labour therein light. CAKVETH BEAD. M/i.<;/,-/<t/r/,/<>i/ii>. in EI/I /I <in, I. Betrachtungen iiber Herleitung der Musik aus der Sprache und aus clem thierischen Entwicke- lungsprocess, iiber Empirismus und Xativismus in der Musik- theorie. Von C. STUMPF. Leipzig : Breitkopf & Hartel, 1885. Pp. 89. In this brochure, reprinted from the J///X//Y?//.-V/^ }'ir / -fr/j,/Jt)^- "lirift, Prof. Stuinpf clc;trs tin- ground for his systematic exposition of the psychological basis of music in the second volume of his Tonpgycholoffie. That in considering previous theories of musical expression and musical effect he should single out English wri' is a circumstance that no contributor to this Journal can object to. It may seem odd at first sight that the country which for more than two centuries lias played a subordinate rnlf in the history of music should turn out to be the one most prolific of late in speculation on the nature and sources of musical delight. But
