to fit it, but in a grave fully prepared as if for the reception of a corpse. The measurements of the grave were of normal size; in it had been laid, along with the urn, gifts of the usual nature—an amphora, two boxes, a bowl, and a jug; and above the grave, in a prepared space considerably wider than the actual grave, stood one of the large Dipylon-vases. In every respect the interment had been carried out as if it were the interment of an unburnt body. An attempt had been made so to combine the two rites of cremation and inhumation that neither should seem subordinate to the other.
Instances of the other sort, in which ceremonial cremation accompanied actual inhumation, are furnished by Philios' excavations at Eleusis. Speaking of the large earthenware jars which often served as coffins for children, he says, 'Whereas the bones contained in these vessels were unburnt, all round the vessels in the soil traces of burning were abundant and varied[1].' Now these traces of fire cannot have been due to the burning of gifts brought subsequently to the interment; for that custom naturally resulted in a stratum of burnt soil above the grave. But here the traces were 'all round the vessels, in the soil.' Apparently then we have here a practice parallel to that of Mycenaean times. The body was interred and obtained its actual dissolution by natural decay; but before the interment a fire was kindled in the grave, and among the flames or on the embers the body in its coffin-jar was laid and covered over with the soil. Whether at Eleusis, as at Mycenae, the funeral-gifts were consumed in that fire, we do not know for certain; but since it is undoubtedly rare to find any gift along with the child's body in these vessels, it is reasonable to suppose that the few gifts—few, because all the circumstances of these funerals seem humble—were burnt[2] just as were the grander offerings at Mycenae. At any rate these cases reveal an intention of associating fire with the buried body, of adding to the rite of interment a ceremonial act of cremation.
The tendency towards fusion of the two funeral rites has now been traced through the pre-historic era; it is in the historic period
- ↑ Op. cit. p. 178.
- ↑ Brückner and Pernice take this view of the fact, though the words which they use are coloured by their acceptance of Rohde's theory of propitiatory offerings to the dead. 'Vor der Beerdigung, so scheint es nach den Funden des Herrn Philios, sind an der Grabstätte des öfteren Brandopfer dargebracht worden.' Op. cit. p. 151.
