noun forms a loose compound, as cỿ́nffon lónni ‘to wag the tail’, prýsur rédant ‘they swiftly run’.
- Fel y niwl o afael nant
- Y díson ymadáwsant.—R.G.D. 149.
‘Like the mist from the grasp of the valley have they silently passed away.’
iv. (1) Prefixes form strict compounds with nouns, adjectives, and verbs; as áthrist ‘very sad’ (trist ‘sad’), ám-gylch ‘circumference’, cýn-nal ‘to hold’, etc., etc.
(2) But compounds with the prefixes an‑, di‑, cyd‑, go‑, gor‑, gwrth‑, rhy‑, tra- may be either strict or loose; as án-awdd or án háwdd ‘difficult’, § 148 i (6); án-aml/ýnys g. 103, án áml, § 164 i (1); dí-wair, dí wáir ‘chaste’; rhý-wyr ‘high time’ and rhɥ̄́ hw̄́yr ‘too late’; trá-mawr Gr.O. 51, trā́ máwr ‘very great’; trá-doeth do. 52, trā́ dṓeth ‘very wise’.
- Dí-dad, amddifad ýdwyf,
- A dī́ fráwd wedi i farw̯ ẃyf.—L.Mor. (m. I.F.).
‘Fatherless, destitute, am I, and without a brother after his death.’
- Y mae’r ddẃyais mor ddíw̯air.—D.G. 148.
‘The bosom is so chaste.’
- Fwyn a dī́ wáir—f’enaid yw.—D.G. 321.
‘Gentle and chaste—she is my soul.’ Cf. D.G. 306.
- Trā́ dā́ im y trȳ́ déu-air.—I.F., c 18/11.
‘Very good for me will two words turn out.’
In late Mn. W. new compounds are freely formed with these elements separately accented; thus tra, go and rhy are placed before any adjectives, and treated as separate words; § 220 viii (1).
When both elements are accented, the second has generally the stronger accent, unless the prefix is emphatic; in gor-úw̯ch ‘above’, gor-ī́s ‘below’, the first element has lost its accent, though these are also found as strict compounds, thus góruwch, O.G., g. 257, Gr.O. 34.
§ 46. i. Expressions consisting of two words in syntactical relation, such as a noun and a qualifying adjective or a noun and a dependent genitive, are in some cases accented as single words. ☞ These may be called improper compounds. Mutable vowels are mutated (ɥ > ỿ, etc.) as in single words.
