In W. sc has become sg, and initially ysg‑, § 23 ii. Thus W. ysgḯen, Ir. scīan ‘knife’, √sk̑hē(i̯)‑: Skr. chyáti ‘cuts off’;—Ml. W. isgaud b.b. 35 ‘darkness’, Ir. scāth ‘shadow’ < *skāt‑: Goth. skadus, E. shade, Gk. σκότος, Skr. chādáyati ‘covers’;—W. hegl ‘shank’ < *skek‑l‑: E. shank √sk̑eq/ɡ‑: W. ysgogi ‘stir, shake’, E. shake, Lith. szókti ‘to leap, dance’.
After a prefix: W. cysgod, gwasgod ‘shade’ < *skāt‑, as above.
(2) Ar. sq- gives Ir. sc‑, W. sc- (ysg‑) or chw̯- (or before a round vowel h‑). Thus W. ysgwyd ‘shield’, Ir. scīath < *sqeit-om: Lat. scūtum < *sqoit-om, O. Bulg. štitŭ ‘shield’ < *sqeit-om;—W. ysgar ‘to separate’, Ir. scaraim, √sqer‑: Lith. skìrti ‘to separate’;—W. chwith ‘left (hand)’ < *sqī‑tn‑, chwidr ‘perverse, fickle’ < *sqī‑tr‑, Mn. Ir. ciotach ‘left-handed’ <*sqi‑tn‑, W. ysgoewan f. ‘fickle one’ < *sqai‑u̯‑, all R-grades of *sqēi̯- ‘left, oblique’: Lat. scaevus, Gk. σκαι(ϝ)ός, E. shy;—W. chwalu ‘to scatter’, Bret. skula, Ir. scāilim ‘I scatter’, √sqel- § 101 iv (2): hollt ‘split’ iv (1) (β).
With a prefix: W. gwa-sgar-af ‘I scatter’, √sqer- § 101 iv (2);—cy-chw̯ynn-af ‘I rise, start’, Ir. scendim: Lat. scando, Skr. skándati ‘leaps, bounds’, √sqend‑;—W. osgo ‘slant’, nyt osco-es b.t. 25 ‘he swerved not’ < *op-sqaiu̯‑; Ml. W. amry-scoyw̯, Mn. W. amrosgo ‘diagonal, awkward’ < *sqaiu̯‑: Lat. scaevus, see above;—W. cy-huddo ‘to accuse’: Icel. skúta ‘a taunt’, § 156 i (9).
skl‑, skr‑, where they remained in Brit., survived in W., now ysgl- ysgr‑, as ysglyfaeth § 101 iv (2), ysgrafell ‘rasp’: E. scrape, iv (3). But these were mostly reduced early to *sl‑, sr‑, § 101 ii (3). Medially we may have ‑chl‑, ‑chr‑, § 156 i (11), (13).
(3) Ar. squ̯- gives Ir. sc‑, W. chw̯‑. Thus Ir. scēl, W. chw̯edl, Corn. whethl ‘news, a tale’ < *squ̯-e-tlo- > √sequ̯- ‘say’. With a prefix: Ml. W. ky-chwedɏl b.t. 38 ‘news’ = Ml. Bret. quehezl, Bret. kel;—W. dym-chwel-af ‘I overthrow’: Gk. σφάλλω, Skr. skhálati ‘stumbles’, √squ̯hel‑;—W. dy-chwel-af ‘I return’ < *do-squ̯el‑, √qu̯el- ‘turn’, § 101 iv (2).—sp in the old compound cosp, see (5).
(4) Medially between vowels Ar. ‑sk̑- > W. ch, but is hardly to be found except in old compounds like gochel ‘to guard (against)’, ym-ochel ‘to take shelter’ < *upo-s-k̑el‑, √k̑el- § 63 iii.—Ar. ‑sq‑, ‑squ̯- gave χu̯, generally unrounded to ch; in Ir. all appear as ss.
