W. ceulo < *cāgl- § 71 iii. Examples of gm are uncertain. On swyn < Lat. signum see § 72 ii.
Following the accent, g after a became ᵹ and disappeared; as in the suffix ‑agno‑, < *´‑o-gno- (*‑o- is the stem vowel, which becomes a in Ir., and when unacc. before g in Brit.), as seen in Brit.-Lat. Maglagni, Corbagni, Broccagni giving W. Maelan, Carfan, Brychan; Ir. -ān as Broccān; so O. W. bichan, W. bychan, Ir. becān.
For the affected forms of the above groups see §§ 69, 70.
(2) gi̯ > ᵹ̑ > i̯; thus W. cae ‘enclosure, field’ < *kagi̯o‑, Gaul. 5th cent. caium, whence Fr. quai, √kagh‑/kogh‑: Lat. cohus, E. hedge, Germ. Hecke;—Ml. W. daeoni ‘goodness’ < *dag-i̯ono-gnīm- (re-formed as da-ioni in Mn. W.). It is seen that the vowel is not affected by the i̯, but it may be by a following ī < ō; thus W. llai, Ml. W. llei ‘less’, Ir. laigin, both < *lagi̯ōs < *lₑɡh(u̯)i̯ōs: Lat. levis, Gk. ἐλαχύς;—W. ‑(h)ai, Ml. ‑(h)ei < *‑sagi̯ō § 121 i, § 201 iii (4).—So igi̯ affected by a gave egi̯ becoming ‑ei, ‑ai, as W. tai, Ml. tei ‘houses’ < *tigi̯a < *tigesa, pl. of *tigos ‘house’;—W. carrai ‘lace’ < Lat. corrigia. When unaffected, igi̯ gave ii̯ > ī; as in brī ‘honour’ < *brigi̯o‑: brenin, braint § 103 ii (1); and llī́on in Ml. W. Kaer-llion < *ligi̯ŏnos, Brit. gen. for Lat. legiōnis.
Similarly ogi̯ > oe > ‑o, § 78 i (1), in to ‘root’ < *togi̯o‑: Ir. tuige gl. stramen, and amdo ‘shroud’ < *m̥bi-togi̯o‑: Ir. im-thuige ‘clothing’: Lat. toga, √(s)theɡ‑.—ugi̯ > w͡y > -w, § 78 i (2), in llw ‘oath’ < *lugi̯on: Ir. luige, lugae < *lugii̯on. (Ml. W. pl. llyeu, llyein, Mn. llwon, dial. llyfon are all analogical formations.)
(3) gu̯ > ᵹu̯ > w: W. tew ‘thick’ < *tegu̯- § 76 viii (2).—ogu̯i̯, > ou̯i̯ > eu in euod ‘worms in sheep’ < *ogu̯i̯- < Ar. *oɡu̯hi̯‑: Gk. ὄφις, Skr. áhiḥ ‘snake’.
iii. (1) Before n Brit. k > χ̑ > i̯, so that kn gives the same result as gn; thus W. dwyn ‘to bring’ < *duk‑n- § 203 iv (3);—braenu ‘to rot’ < *brakn- < *mrəq‑n- § 99 ii (1);—croen ‘hide, rind’ < *krokn‑, Bret. croc’hen, Ir. crocenn < *krokn- (kn > kk) < *qroq‑, VF° of *qereq- broken redupl. of √qer- ‘divide, rip’: Lat. corium, cortex, O. Bulg. (s)kora ‘rind’, korĭcĭ a kind of vessel, W. cwrwgl ‘coracle’;—W. gwaun < *u̯ākn- < *u̯o-akn‑: W. ochr see below;—W. tīn ‘buttock’ < *tīknā < *tūqnā, Ir. tōn < *tūknā: E. thigh O. H. G. dioh. This may be due to gemination of k,
