(: Lat. inguen with gu̯, Walde s.v.). But after e or i and before r or l, the ŋ became ŋ̑ and gave ḭ, as in eirin Deut. xxiii 1 for *eiryn, § 77 iii, < *eŋryn pl. of aren above;—W. cilydd ‘mate’ < *ciŋ̑lyẟ (ii̯ > W. i not y, cf. § 104 ii (2)) < *keŋglii̯os (§ 65 iii (1)) = Ir. cēle < *keŋglii̯os: Ir. cingim ‘I go’, W. cam ‘stride’, see § 101 iii (2); for meaning, cf. Ml. W. keimat ‘mate’ < cam. The rule only applies to old formations where the ŋŋ already existed in Brit.; in newer formations, and Lat. derivatives ŋ remains, as Cyngreawdr above.
(2) The above changes took place before the loss of Brit. syllables, for nd coming together after the loss of a syllable remains, as in trindod < Lat. trīnitāt-em. Initial mediae were assimilated to final nasals before the latter were lost; e.g. naw mlynedd ‘nine years’ < *nou̯am mlidníi̯as < *neu̯n̥ bl‑.
Every Brit. nd became nn, so we have no words ending in nd except where a vowel has been lost in the Mn. period between the sounds, as in ond etc. § 44 vi; see iii (4).
iii. (1) Brit. mp, nt, ŋk remained finally as in W. pump, pymp < Brit. *pempe; W. cant < Brit. *kanton; W. ieuanc < Brit. *i̯ouaŋkos § 100 i (1). For exceptions see (2). Medially they became mmh, nnh, ŋŋh respectively, as in Ml. W. ymherawdɏr < Lat. imperātor; W. cynhesu ‘to warm’ < Brit. *kon-tess‑, √tep‑, § 96 ii (5); W. angheuol ‘deadly’ < Brit. *aŋkou̯‑, √anek̑‑: Lat. neco, Gk. νέκυς, νεκρός, etc. After an unaccented vowel the nasal is simplified as in the above examples, § 27 ii; after an accented vowel the aspiration was lost, as in cynnes ‘warm’, angeu (≡ aŋŋeu) ‘death’ § 48 ii, iv.
(2) Final nt, mp are mutated in gan ‘with’ ≡ gann § 211 iv (1); in cant ‘100’, pump ‘5’ which appear as cann, pum before nouns; in ugeint ‘20’ which appears as ugeẏn as early as a.l. ms. a. see i 4, 8, 12, etc., and is ugain in Mn. W.; in arẏant a.l. i 6, now ari̯an ‘silver’; in diffrint (i ≡ y) b.b. 91 ‘vale’ ( < *dyfr-hynt ‘water-way’),already diffrin in b.b. 74, Mn. W. dỿffrɥn; in cymaint sometimes, especially in the phrase cymain un Eph. v 33; and often in poetry, as always in the spoken language, in the 3rd pl. of verbs and prepositions § 173 x, § 208 iii (2). It is seen in these examples that the h of the nasal mutations of t and p is lost finally; this is because it follows the accent of the word, see (1) above. But the aspirate was often retained before a word beginning with an accented vowel, as kymein hun Ỻ.A. 116 ‘every one’; can hwr w.m. 136 ‘100 men’; Pum heryr ‘5 eagles’ G.Gl. m 1/606.
