(2) Ml. W. bugeil ‘shepherd’, pl. bugelyẟ Ỻ.A. 109, r.b.b. 245 < *boukoli̯os pl. *boukolíi̯ī. This was a rare type, and in Mn. W. a new pl. was formed: bugail, pl. bugeiliaid. But the f. adain ‘wing’ (i̯ā-stem), pl. adanedd, had a new pl. made by affecting this, as if the word belonged to the ‑i̯o- declension: adain, pl. adenydd § 125 iii.
The word for ‘tooth’ seems partly to have passed over to this declension; thus *danti̯on pl. *dantíi̯ā giving sg. deint Ỻ.A. 67 translating “dens”, Mn. W. daint, as heb un-daint D.G. 323 'without one tooth ', pl. dannedd as for sg. dant § ii (4) above. In Gwyn. dial. the sg. is daint.
The ending was ‑oeẟ in brenhinoet b.b. 53 ‘kings’, Mn. W. brenhinoedd; but the more usual Ml. form is breenhineẟ l.l. 120, brenhineẟ w.m. 178–9, prob. with ‑eẟ for ‑oeẟ § 78 ii. So teyrneẟ r.p. 1313, D.G. 181 ‘kings’, ewythreẟ r.m. 140 ‘uncles’; cystlwn ‘family’, pl. cystlyneẟ r.p. 1267.
- Cystlynedd Gwynedd i gyd,
- Cynafon Hwlcyn hefyd.—G.Gl. m 1/no. 49.
‘All the families of Gwynedd, and the scions of Hwlcyn too.’
iv. Fem. i̯ē- and i̯ā-stems. (1) The vowel is affected in the sg. Pl. ending ‑edd.
i̯ē- and i̯ā-stems have R-grade forms in ‑ī, p. 81. In Lat. and Balt. they remain distinct or have become so (Lat. dūritia: dūritiēs). In Kelt. they seem to be mixed, see Thurneysen, Gr. 180 f.; but as ē > ī in Kelt., the meaning of the facts is often obscure. In other branches ‑i̯ē- and ‑i̯ā- are indistinguishable. The W. sg. may come from *‑i̯ā, *‑i̯ē, or *‑ī; pl. ‑eẟ < *‑íi̯ās.
(2) blwyddyn ‘year’ (Ir. blīadain) < *bleidonī, pl. blynedd < *blidníi̯ās § 125 v (1); this pl. form is used only after numerals; for other purposes a new pl. was formed by adding ‑edd to the sg., as blwyẟyneẟ w.m. 37, then by metath. blwynyẟeẟ Ỻ.A. 105, Mn. W. blynyddoedd, S. W. dial. blynyẟe(ẟ) (whence latterly a false blynyddau see ii (4)).—modryb ‘aunt’ < *mātr-aqu̯ī (√ōqu̯- § 69 ii (4)), pl. modrabedd c.c. 282 (so in Gwyn. dial.; ‑o- < sg.) < *mātraqu̯íi̯ās; the form modrybeẟ r.p. 1362 seems to be re-made from the sg., as modreped ox. 2.—edau ‘thread’, pl. edafedd § 76 vii (1); adain ‘wing’ pl. adanedd, etc., see § 125 iii.
