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hên, Ir. sen < Ar. *seno‑s = Gk. ἕνος, Skr. sánaḥ, Lith. sė́nas ‘old’, Lat. sen‑;—cpv. hŷn, Ir. siniu < *seni̯ōs = Lat. senior; spv. hyn(h)af < *sen-isₑmos, see llydan below.—The cpv. hɥ̂n is still in collo­quial use, though the later and weaker hynach is more common; in S.W. also a still later henach, henaf, re-formed from the pos.

(8) hir ‘long’; eqtv. kyhyt w.m. 43, cyhyd § 41 v, contr. to cɥ̂d; as a noun hɥ̂d, e.g. in er hyd ‘however long’; cpv. hwy; spv. hwyaf.

hir § 72; the root is *sēi̯‑; cyhyd ‘as long’ < *ko-sit‑; hyd ‘length’, Ir. sith < *si‑t‑, R₂ *sĭ- § 63 vii (5);—cpv. hwy, Ir. sīa < *seison for *sei-isōn ib.;—so spv. hwyaf, Ir. sīam < *seisₑmos.

The contracted form cɥ̂d is common in Mn.W.: cɥd a rhaff D.G. 48 ‘as long as a rope’, cɥd a gw̯ɥdd D.E. g. 124 ‘as long as trees’, cɥd E.P. ps. xliv 23 ‘so long’; cɥd a phregeth ‘as long as a sermon’.—cŷd < cɥ́hɥd (which gives Card. dial. cíchɥd).

(9) i̯euanc, i̯efanc, ifanc § 76 iii (3) ‘young’; eqtv. ieuanghet r.m. 160, ivanghet c.m. 84; cpv. Ml. ieu b.t. 26, 28, Mn. i̯au; also ieuang­hach s.g. 66; ieuangach Job xxx 1; spv. ieuhaf a.l. i 542, ieuaf, ifaf, ieuangaf.

ieuanc, Bret. iaouank, Ir. ōac, contr. ōc (whence W. hog-lanc ‘lad’);—cpv. ieu < *i̯uu̯i̯ōs (Ir. ōa with ‑a from the spv., see 11 below): Skr. yávīyas‑;—spv. i̯euaf, Ir. ōam < *i̯uu̯isₑmos.

(10) issel, now written isel ‘low’; eqtv. isset r.m. 94, Mn. ised; cpv. is (≡ īs); spv. issaf, isaf.

W. issel = Ir. is(s)el. The origin of the word is not certain, but it is most probably cognate with Lat. īmus. Brugmann IF. xxix 210 ff. derives īmus, Osc. imad‑en ‘ab imo’ from *ī or *īd an adv. from the pron. stem *i‑, as Lat. dēmus, dēmum is formed from dē; and quotes other examples of ‘here’ becoming ‘here below’. The Kelt. adj. is obviously formed after *upselo‑s (> W. uchel ‘high’ § 86 iv); if the orig. adv. was *īd, the adj. would be *īd-selo‑s > *īsselo‑s, which gives W. issel, Ir. issel regularly. Pedersen suggests *pēd-selo‑, √ped- ‘foot’; but the connexion with Ital. spv. īmo- is more probable.

(11) llydan ‘wide’; eqtv. cyfled, as a noun lled; cpv. lled, late lletach; spv. lletaf.

W. llydan, Ir. lethan § 63 viii (1); W. lled noun, see ibid.; spv. lletaf < *plet-isₑmo‑s. The cpv. lled, Ir. letha (‑a added in Ir.) is irregular; Osthoff derived W. lled from *plet-is (Thurn­eysen Gr. 227), but it is not clear why the adverbial form ‑is should be general­ized (the regular *pleti̯ōs would give W. *llyd, Ir. *lithiu). As many compar­atives were the same as the super­lative without its ending, e.g. hwy, hwyaf, Ir. sīa, sīam, the proba­bility is that some,