(2) ‑ael or ‑el, in gafael, gafel § 188 ii (3), § 201 ii (1); caffael, caffel, cael § 188 i (8); dyrchafael § 188 iii; gadael beside gadu § 201 ii (2); gallael beside gallu ‘to be able’. Probably ‑ael is original only in gafael § 188 iv.
(3) ‑ach, in cyfeddach ‘to carouse’, prystellach, ymdesach, clindarddach, caentach p 5/x r. These have no verbs. The ending is sometimes substituted for another: chwiliach ‘to pry’ for chwili̯o ‘to seek’.
(4) The above are v.n.’s from √ag̑- seen in ‑ha- stems; thus ‑aeth < *‑ak-tā (< ‑āk‑ < ‑o-ak‑; the ā would be shortened before kt even though accented) § 201 iii (4) (b), with *‑tā suffix as in bod ‘to be’ < *bhu-tā.—‑ael: Ir. ‑āil < *‑ag̑-li‑s, with fem. *‑li- suff.; the suff. *‑li- forms fem. abstract nouns in Slavonic also, and Armenian has an infinitive suff. ‑l.—‑ach < *‑aks‑ < *‑ag̑‑s‑, perhaps *‑ag̑‑sen; cf. Gk. φέρειν < *φέρε-σεν.
ii. (1) ‑ofain, Ml. W. ‑ovein, ‑ovant occurs beside ‑aw in wylofain, Ml. W. wylovein Ỻ.A. 117, 154, cwynovein s.g. 343, cvinowant b.b. 46. A similar formation is digofain g. 132 ‘wrath’, later usually digofaint, abstr. noun.
(2) ‑fan(n), ‑fa, in cw͡ynfan, Ml. W. kwynvan Ỻ.A. 154, beside cwynaw, cw͡yno; griẟvan Ỻ.A. 154, Mn. W. griddfan whence vb. griddfannaf, griẟva r.m. 132; ehedfan Ml. W. ehetvan, beside ehedeg, vb. ehedaf ‘I fly’.
(3) ‑ain, Ml. ‑ein, in llefain, llevein r.m. 132, vb. llefaf ‘I cry’; llemain, late llamu, Ml. llemein, vb. llamaf ‘I leap’; germain ‘to cry’, Ml. germein, no verb; ochain, vb. ochaf; ubain, diasbedain with no verbs. With ‑t in dioẟeifeint IL.A. 129 ‘suffering’, Mn. W. dioddefaint, only occurring as an abstract noun.
(4) cwynaw < Brit. loc. *kein‑ā́-men, denom. from *qeino‑, § 101 ii (2); cwynofain from the dat. of the same stem, *kein-ā́-m‑ₑnī < *‑mₑnai: Gk. δό-μεναι, Skr. dā́-mane ‘to give’.—‑ovant represents another case, prob. loc. *‑ā́‑mₑni; ‑ant < ‑ann < *‑ₑn‑, § 62 i (2).—‑fan(n), ‑fa represents the same case as the last, but with a different accent; thus griddfan ‘to groan’ < *grī́do-mₑni, √ghrei̯āˣ‑: O.E. grānian, E. groan; cwynfan is similar, or formed by analogy.—llef ‘cry’ < Brit. *lemen < *lep‑men, < *lep‑: Skr. lápati ‘chatters, murmurs, laments’; llefain is the dative *lemanī < *lep‑mₑnai; llefaf is a denom. from llef- Similarly garm § 95 ii (3), germain < *g̑ar-smₑnai; no verb was formed for this;—llam: llemain, vb. llamaf denom. From these ‑ain was deduced and added to the intjs. ub and och and to the noun dïaspad (diasbad) ‘cry’; vb. ochy Ỻ.A. 154 ‘groanest’, ocha g. 196.
