(for *erUyn), show the influence of the synonymous glynaf. s (for -8) represents -d-t-, 187 iii. ud <-wyd is a different formation from the others ; the most probable explanation of the wy seems to be that it comes from new ai 75 i (3) ; thus dywedut< dywedwyt<*do-uet-aito< *do-uet-at%o : Lat. abstr. suff. -atio, see vii (3).
iv. (1) -ain, Ml. -ein, for -<?- in the stem, in olrein, darllein 201 ii (3), dwyrein ' to rise ', the latter surviving only as a noun meaning 'east'. Examples of the verbs: olrewys W.M. 469, (larllewyt do. 49, dwyreawb M.A. i 300. The v.n. arwein has vb. ancebaf in Ml. W., later arweiniaf; so kywein \cywebei W.M. 119.
Gioell kadw noc olrein B.B. 968 ' better keep than seek.'
(2) -wyn, for -yg-, -wg in the stem : dwyn, verb dygaf 194 iii ; ymddwyn, vb. ymddygaf'ih. ; amwyn verb amygaf 194 iv ; adolwyn, beside adolwg, also atolwg in Mn. W., verb adolygaf'1. pray '.
rac adolwyn y un vynetn.u. 197 'lest any should be asked to go', Adolwg a wnaf G.Y.C. M.A. 1517 'I pray '.
(3) The suffix is *-no- ; cf. O.E. -an< *-o~no-. *-egno- > -ein 104 ii (i). Medial -eg- before a vowel >-ig- > y or e. *-uk-no- >-wyn 104 iii (i). ar-, cy-wain seem to come from Vuegh- 65 ii (3), but the verbs imply Vuedh- 149 i; as dn did not become gn (e.g. llyn-e?>, not *blin- 104 iv (i)), we cannot assume Vuedh- for the v.n.'s.
v. -eg, Ml. -ec, in rhedeg ' to run ', vb. rhedaf; ehedeg ' to fly ', vb. chedaf.
-eg< *-ika abst. noun (orig. adj.) suffix, 143 iii (14).
vi. (1) -an, added to ?-stems, borrowed from O. or Ml. E. ; as hongian ' to hang ' (O.E. hangian), yttwyrian ' to stir ' (O.E. atyrian) ; hence added to others as trottyan B.P. 1272, mwml'tan 1 to mumble '. Added to W. stems -ian forms a sort of pejorative v.n., as gorweddian 'to lie about lazily', ymlwybran ' to plod one's way', sefyllian 'to loaf. It is not much used in the lit. lang. Without i it appears as an abstr. suff. : cusan, Ml. W. cussan ' kiss ' < O.E. cyssan ' to kiss '.
Eng. strong verbs generally become t-stems in W. with v.n. -o as yildip 'to yield '< O.E. gildan; cf. 201 iii (6).
(2) -al seems to be a variant of -an arising from dissimilation in nasal stems; thus Uncial beside tincian 'to tinkle', mevnal beside mewian 'to mew'; cyfnewidial D.G. 145 for cyfnewidio ; naddial for naddu, techial for techu ; sisial whence vb. sisialqf ' I whisper ' ; myngial ' to mumble ', no vb.
