life of the city. In 1846 she went to Europe, where she was received by social, political, and literary leaders, residing for some time at Rome, where she married (December, 1847) Giovanni Angelo, Marquis d'Ossoli, by whom she had one child. She took an active part in the Italian struggle for independence, and served heroically in the hospitals during the French siege of Rome. On its capture (July, 1849) she took refuge with her husband first in the mountains of Abruzzi, then at Florence, and on May 17, 1850, sailed for America. The voyage was most disastrous. The captain died of smallpox, her son was taken with the disease, and she and her husband and son were drowned off Fire Island Beach just as they were approaching New York on July 16.
Her life falls naturally into three periods. Till 1844 she lived an intense life seeking self- culture in the exciting stimulation of the Tran- scendental circle. The two years from 1844 till her visit to Italy are those of original literary production. Women in the Nineteenth Century (1844) and Papers on Literature and Art (1846) are its monuments. Her activities in Rome had found a literary expression in a book on the Roman Republic, the manuscript of which was lost with her. With all her tact and bril- liancy, she was not an original genius ; she needed the inspiration of an audience, talking better than she wrote. Her Letters are, therefore, the most readable of her works, and the position that she held in Boston and in New York is hardly to be understood from her writings. It was a natural instinct that led her to select for trans- lation Eckermann's Conversations with Goethe (1839), and The Correspondence of Frdulein Gilnderode and Bettina von Arnim ( 1840-42 ) . The impression that she made uporr*-the circle of her intimates is attested by three notable biogra- phies, for which consult: Emerson, Clark, and Channing (Boston, 1852) ; Julia Ward Howe (ib., 1883) ; and Thomas Wentworth Higginson (ib., 1884) . There is also a Memoir by her broth- er, Arthur B. Fuller (Boston, 1855).
FULLER, Thomas (1608-61). An English author and divine. He was born at Aldwincle, Northamptonshire, of which parish his father was rector, and was educated at Queen's College, Cambridge, graduating A.B. in 1625 and M.A. in 1628. Two years later he was appointed to the curacy of Saint Benet's, where he acquired great popularity as a preacher. The next year he was collated to a prebend in Salisbury Cathe- dral, and in 1634 he was appointed to the rec- tory of Broadwindsor, Dorsetshire. His first publication was a poem entitled David's Heinous Sin; Hearty Repentance and Heavy Punishments
(1631). Abandoning both his living and his prebend in 1641, he settled in London, where he soon became curate of the Savoy, a church in the Strand. In the meantime he had published an account of the Crusades, entitled History of the Holy War (1639), and the Holy and Profane State (1642), the most characteristic of his works. During the Civil War he adhered firmly to the Royal cause, and shared in its reverses. He was a chaplain in the Royal army, when he wrote for the encouragement of his men a manu- al of prayers and meditations entitled Good Thoughts in Bad Times (1645), and a sequel. Better Thoughts in Worse Times (1647). In 1647 he was preaching at Saint Clement's, East- cheap, but was soon suspended. About 1648 he was presented to the living of Waltham, in Essex. In 1650 he published a geographical account of the Holy Land, entitled A Pisgah Sight of Pales- tine and the Confines Thereof, with maps and views. In 1655 appeared The Church History of Britain, from the Birth of Christ Until the Year 1648. In 1658 he received the living of Cran- ford, Middlesex, and at the Restoration he was reinstated in his prebend of Salisbury, of which he had been deprived by the Parliamentarians. He was also appointed Chaplain Extraordinary to the King, and created D.D. at Cambridge by Royal mandamus. He died in London. The year following appeared The Worthies of England. Valuable for the information it contains on pro- vincial history, it abounds in biographical anec- dote, witty remark, and acute observation on men and manners. Quaint humor is one of Ful- ler's peculiar characteristics; but his writings are no less remarkable for wisdom, imagination, and, when occasion demands, even for pathos. Consult Bailey, Life of Thomas Fuller, with Notices of his Books, etc. (London, 1874).
FULLER - MAITLAND, John Alexander (1856 — ) . An English writer on music, born in London. He graduated at Trinity College, Cam- bridge, in 1879, and, after having contributed for a number of years to the London papers, became in 1889 music critic of the Times. He wrote many articles for the Dictionary of National Biog- raphy, for Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musi- cians (the appendix of which he edited), and for some of the leading periodicals. He also wrote a standard life of Schumann in the Great Musi- cians Series (1884); Master of German Music (1894) ; The Musician's Pilgrimage: A Study in Artistic Development (1899); and was joint translator with Clara Bell of Spitta's Life of J. S. Bach ( 1884) . In addition he compiled a num- ber of collections of music.
