CKTrTOGAMIA. 117 pools, into which no male plants had been introduced, contained not a single fruit. The paper also contains some remarks on the different periods of flowering and fructification of a number of different species of mosses. Likdberg, S. 0. — Den Nordiska Moss-vegetationen. OlVers. Stockh., 1859. Loeextz, P. G. — Beitriige zur Biologie und Geographic der Laubmocse. 4 to. Miinchen. Milde. — Ueber die Moos-Vegetation der Torfsiimpfe Schlesltns. von Dr. J. Milde. Botanische Zeitung, 16ih March, 1860. Ueber Bryuni (Cladodium) fallax Milde, von Dr. J". Milde. Bo- tanische Zeitung, 6th April, 1860. Hypnum Mildeanum W. Ph. Schpr. in liter., beschiieben von Dr. J. Milde. Botanische Zeituug, 25 Mai, 1860. Mu'llek, Ph. J. — Einige kleine NachtrJige zu den Beit 1 agen zu Ch. Giimbel's Moosflora d. Pfalz. Regensburg Flora, 1860, pp. 81, 83. Muleee. — Australian Musci. Linnaea xiv. 623. Neevaxdee. — Bidrag til Findland's Bryologi Job. H. Emmanuel Ner- vander. Helsingfors, 1859. 8vo. 95 pages. Rabexhoest.— Bryolheca Europaea. Die Laubmoose Europa's unler mitwirkung mehrerer Freunde der Botanik ges. u. herausg. v. Dr. L. Rabenhorst. Fasc. vi., n. 251-300. Dresden, 1859. D ruck von C. Heinrich. 4. A list of the species published in this fascicle is given in the "Bo- tanische Zeitung" for Feb. 10, 1860. Schtmpee — Synopsis Muscorum Europseorum prsemissa introductione de elementis bryologicis tractante. Scripsit W. Ph. Sehimper. Stuttgartiae. E. Schweizerbart. The work is written in Latin, and consists of an introduction, fol- lowed by a systematic arrangement. The Introduction contains the following matters: — The first part relates to the organography and morphology of Mosses, including sections relating to — 1 . Their different modes of propagation; 2. Their vegetative organs; 3. Their mode of generation, with accounts of their male and female flowers and sexual organs ; 4. Their fructifi- cation, i. e. the primary origin of the fruit, the evolution of the cap- sule, the sporangium, and the evolution of the spores ; and, 5. The perfect fruit and its constituent parts, including the perfect spores. The second part contains chapters relating to — 1. The mode of life of mosses; 2. The chemical and physical nature of their places of growth, and the effect of their variety in regulating the distribution of mosses on the surface of the earth ; 3. The geographical distribu- tion of mosses in Europe; 4. Their distribution with regard to altitude. The fifth chapter (wrongly headed cap. iv.) contains certain special bryological floras. The third part of the work sets out the classification of European mosses proposed by Hedwig, the classification of Bridel in his Bryo-
