Page:Niger Delta Ecosystems- the ERA Handbook, 1998.djvu/263

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Index

  1. Ogoni, topography
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    200
  2. Oil
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    151
  3. Oil - environmental impact
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    166, 168
  4. Oil Blowouts
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    177
  5. Oil companies
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    157
  6. Oil drilling, noise
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    83
  7. OIl flowlines, environmental impact
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    187
  8. Oil formation
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    152
  9. Oil industry, social impact
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    178
  10. Oil market
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    157
  11. Oil palm
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    81, 143
  12. Oil Palm
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    141, 195
  13. Oil pipelines, environmental impact
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    187
  14. Oil price
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    157
  15. Oil Processing
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    155
  16. Oil Production
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    155, 173
  17. Oil production, environmental impact
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    184
  18. Oil refineries, environmental impact
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    188
  19. Oil reserves
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    156
  20. Oil revenues
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    171
  21. Oil Rivers Protectorate
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    194
  22. Oil spills
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    177, 178
  23. Oil Spills
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    177
  24. Oil terminals, environmental impact
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    188
  25. Oil well
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    154
  26. Oil, abandoned wells
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    156
  27. Oil, drilling, environmental impact
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    181
  28. Oil, economic costs
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    188
  29. Oil, economic costs and benefits
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    189
  30. Oil, economic importance
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    156
  31. Oil, environmental impact
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    173, 179, 204
  32. Oil, international importance
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    156
  33. Oil, Nigerian Light
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    156
  34. Oil, seismic prospecting, environmental impact
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    179
  35. Okoroba
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    176, 211, 212, 219, 225,
  36. 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 233,
  37. 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240
  38. Okoroba, soils
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    226
  39. Okoroba, topography
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    225
  40. Okrika
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    187, 244, 246, 250
  41. Oligophootic layer
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    65
  42. Oligophotic
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    86
  43. Omnivores
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    43
  44. Onchocerciasis
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    118
  45. Opobo
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    194, 200, 203
  46. Orashi river
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    51
  47. Orysa glaberrima
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    135
  48. Orysa sativa
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    135
  49. Osse
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    51, 97
  50. Otter
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    95
  51. Otters
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    76
  52. Ovia
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    51, 97
  53. Oxidation
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    53
  54. Oxygen
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    53, 120
  55. Oysters
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    94
  56. P
  57. Pachymelania aurita
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    94
  58. Palms
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    81, 83
  59. Palm-wine
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    91, 232
  60. Pan troglodytes
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    76
  61. Pandanus candalabrum
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    82
  62. Pandanus palm
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    82
  63. Pangolin
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    77
  64. Panthera pardus
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    76
  65. Parasites
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    71
  66. Parkia bicolor
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    74
  67. Participation
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    165, 166
  68. Participation in urban management
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    254
  69. Participatory research
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    32, 33
  70. Participatory Rural Appraisal
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    33
  71. Paspalum
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    85
  72. Paspalum vaginatum
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    96
  73. Peat
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    83
  74. Pembrokeshire
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    178
  75. Penaeus notali
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    104
  76. Pepper, "European"
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    140
  77. Percolation
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    67
  78. Periophthalmus spp
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    95
  79. Periwinkle shells
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    161
  80. Periwinkles
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    94
  81. Perodicticus potto
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    76
  82. Petroleum Hydrocarbons
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    152
  83. pH
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    103
  84. Pholidota
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    77
  85. Photosynthesis
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    53
  86. Phytoplankton
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    103
  87. Pigmy Hippopotamus
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    87
  88. Pink Shrimp
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    103
  89. Pioneer communities
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    90
  90. Piper nigra
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    140
  91. Piptadena africana
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    84
  92. Piptadenia africana
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    73
  93. Plankton
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    103
  94. Plantains
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    135
  95. Plantations, mixed
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    139
  96. Pneumataphores
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    81
  97. Pneumatophores
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    70, 84, 92
  98. Pneumorrhizae
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    202, 213, 228
  99. see also peg roots
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    213
  100. Polychaete worms
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    94

261