whom they compel to labour at their arbitrary pleasure. Moreover they cut off the hills and seas, the woods and plains, the ponds and rice-fields belonging to the provinces and districts, and appropriate them to themselves. Their contests are never-ceasing. Some engross to themselves many tens of thousands of shiro[1] of rice-land, while others possess in all patches of ground too small to stick a needle into. When (XXV. 13.) the time comes for the payment of taxes, the Omi, the Muraji, and the Tomo no Miyakko, first collect them for themselves and then hand over a share. In the case of repairs to palaces or the construction of misasagi, they each bring their own vassals, and do the work according to circumstances. The Book of Changes says:—"Diminish that which is above: increase that which is below: if measures are framed according to the regulations, the resources (of the State) suffer no injury, and the people receive no hurt."[2]
"At the present time, the people are still few. And yet the powerful cut off portions of land and water,[3] and converting them into private ground, sell it to the people, demanding the price yearly. From this time forward the sale[4] of land is not allowed. Let no man without due authority make himself a landlord, engrossing to himself that which belongs to the helpless."
The people were greatly rejoiced.
Winter, 12th month, 9th day. The Emperor removed the capital to Toyosaki in Nagara at Naniha. Old people, remarking upon this to one another, said:—"The movement of rats towards Naniha from spring until summer was an omen of the removal of the capital."[5]
24th day. It was reported from the land of Koshi:—"Drift-wood of the sea shore passed away towards the east, leaving an impression on the sand like a ploughed rice-field in appearance."
This year was the year Kinoto Mi (42nd) of the Cycle.
- ↑ A land measure of 15.13 acres.
- ↑ Vide Legge's "Yih-King," pp. 247 and 262.
- ↑ i.e. rice ground and other cultivated land.
- ↑ By sale is evidently meant letting. An early example of a "Land Act."
- ↑ A similar story is related in Chinese History (in the Wei dynasty) of rats indicating a change of capital by their movements.
