and it is also necessary for that department to determine whether the lands which the company desires to select for indemnity are open to selection; whether there is not some prior claim upon them in behalf of settlers or others. It is therefore entirely proper that the secretary of the interior should have the right to approve or disapprove of the selection before it becomes final, This is clearly the meaning of the provision of the grant to the Northern Pacific, which declares that the indemnity lands shall be selected by the company “under the direction of the secretary of the interior.” 13 St. U. S. c. 217, p. 365, § 3; Elling v. Thexton, 16 Pac. Rep. 931; St. Paul, etc., R. Co. v. Winona, etc., R. Co., 112 U. S. 720, 5 Sup. Ct. Rep. 334. The statute must have the same construction that would be given it if the word “approval” had been used in place of the word “direction.” The title to the indemnity lands does not pass until the selection has been made. Ryan v. Railroad Co., 99 U. S. 382; St. Paul, etc., Railroad Co. v. Winona, etc., Railroad Co., 112 U. S. 720, 5 Sup. Ct. Rep. 334; Barney v. Railroad Co., 117 U. S. 228, 6 Sup. Ct. Rep. 654; Sioux City, etc., R. Co. v. Chicago, etc., R. Co., 117 U. S. 406, 6 Sup. Ct. Rep. 790; Wisconsin Cent. R. Co. v. Price Co., 10 Sup. Ct. Rep. 341. Under this last decision the approval of the secretary of the interior is essential to selection. Without it there is no selection in fact. In the language of the opinion in that case, “until the selections were approved there were no selections in fact, only preliminary proceedings taken for that purpose, and the indemnity lands remained unaffected in the title.” The same facts which show that the land was exempt from taxation are fatal to the plaintiff's right to maintain this action. The title never having passed from the government, the railway company had none to convey. Plaintiff does not pretend that he has any title except in so far as § 5 of the act of congress, approved March 3, 1887, (24 St. 556,) may confer upon him some kind of title. That section provides, in substance, that the purchaser of such land from the company, having failed to secure any title because the company had none to transfer, may make payment to the United States for such land at the ordinary government price for like lands, and thereupon a pat-
