10 s. x. OCT. si, loos.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
341
LONDON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 31, 1908.
CONTENTS.-No. 253.
NOTES : The Tyburn, 341 Dr. Johnson's Ancestors, 343 Shakespeariana, 344 'Shakespeare Apocrypha,' 345 Shakespeare's Epitaph Shakespeare the Actor Shake- speare and Geography " Ising-glass," 346 Heretical Cosmogony St. Thomas's, Charterhouse Moon Legends, 347.
-QUERIES : Haldane Bradlaugh on Spinoza Scots Greys, 347 Kipling on Shakespeare Silas Told Ursula Warner Lord Lake Raleigh at Brixton Authors Wanted County Heraldry Nisidora - Canadian Dyes, 348 "O dear no ! " Belgrave Hoppner Hon. S. Wilkins Dr. W. Gordon of Bristol Philip II. of Pomerania Fair- clough Family Persian Translation by Shelley Dr. Beauford Urlin Families, 349 Frost Prints Major- General Fage Maid of the Mill Luther Pictures- Edward Morris, M.P., 350.
REPLIES : Officer of the Pipe, 350 Mediterranean, 351 "Plane sailing" " Disdaunted " " As the farmer," &c. Netmaker's Circular Sir Alex. Brett Regimental Marches, 352 Authors Wanted-A Shakespeare Will Baal-Fires Inferior Clergy Rushlights, 353 Monastic Estates Alderman's Walk High Treason Punishment, 354 The Bastinado Norrises of Milverton Addison's Ancestry. 355 Seventeenth-Century Quotations Clergy in Wigs Story's ' Vse Victis ' Lansdowne Passage, 356 " Petersburg " Tollgate Houses " Roundhead " Hannah Maria Jones Sir R. Weston, 357 Tiger Folk- loreEleventh Commandment " Barrar " " Portions " : "Pensions," 358.
NOTES ON BOOKS : Stow's Survey of London ' The Old-Time Parson ' Lecky's Essays Memorials of the Dead in Ireland Eugenie de Gue>in's Journal.
OBITUARY : Edward Yardley.
Notices to Correspondents.
THE TYBURN.
IT may be remembered that a few years ago I ventured to question the accuracy of Victorian topographers in denominating the stream which flows, or used to flow, from the Hampstead hills, via Kilburn, Bayswater, Knightsbridge, and the Serpentine, into the Thames, the " West Bourne " ; and I asked if it was called by that name in any topo- graphical work or in any map produced before the termination of the first half of the last century. I was stoutly attacked by several of my friends in ' N. & Q.', who gave good reasons why the rivulet ought to have been called by that name ; but not one of them produced any evidence from a map, survey, or book proving that it actually was so called. I on my part showed, on carto- graphic and other evidence, that the stream was not in later times nameless, but that from time to time it was known as the West burn Brook, the Bayswater stream or rivulet, and other names, but never as the West Bourn tout court ;* and I hazarded the conjecture that the abbatial manor, village, and green, which were called by the name of
- The correspondence will be found in 9 S. viii.
517 ; ix. 51, 92, 190, 269, 291, 375, 456 ; x. 16.
'* Westburne " from very early times, derived
that appellation from the fact that they were
situated on the west bank of the rivulet.
The easterly stream, which also rises in Hampstead, and flows through the parishes of St. Marylebone and >t. George's, Hanover Square, until it reaches the confines of West- minster, and thence debouches into the Thames, is generally known in modern times as the " Tyburn." In the course of a corre- spondence which took place some years ago on ' Executions at Tyburn,' the REV. W. J. LOFTIE asserted, inter alia, that " Tyburn was a brook, which ran from Hampstead to the Thames " ; whereupon MR. H. A. HABBEN asked for his authority for that statement (9 S. vii. 210, 310). No reply was given, and I doubt if one can be found. Such evidence for the statement as can be discovered was brought forward by the late Mr. J. G. Waller in the very interesting paper which he contributed to the Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society (vol. vi. p. 244) on ' The Tybourne and the Westbourne.'
The earliest mention of the name occurs in the charter of King Edgar in the year 951, confirming a grant of about 600 acres of land to the church of St. Peter of Westminster. The western boundary of this grant is defined as "of Cuforde upp andlang Teoburnan to thaere wide heres-straeet," i.e., "from Cow- ford up along Tyburn to the wide military road." Most topographical writers, includ- ing Saunders, Robins, and Waller, have taken the word " Teoburna " to signify the stream ; Mr. Alfred White, and possibly MB. HABBEN, have contested this view, and hold that " Teoburna " means not the stream, but the manor. My own opinion is that the latter view, with a more extended scope, is correct. Much ink has been spent in discussing the meaning of the prefix " teo." I believe it to be a form of " tweo," which is equivalent to twd, the fern. nom. plur. of twegen, two, and which we find in the word betweonung or betweonan, between. The word " Teoburna " would therefore signify the land situated between the two burns, which modern topographers call the West- bourn and the Tyburn ; and I submit that this was the ancient designation of the area which was subsequently divided into the manors of Eia, Tiburne, and Lilestone. When this subdivision took place we have no means of knowing, but it was probably at the beginning of the eleventh century.
The manor of Tiburne, which at the date of Domesday belonged to the Abbess of Barking, was not included in the list of the
