w s. xii. AUG. 7, 1909.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
115
tonum ' ; vide Mommsen's edition, 1894,
- Chronica Minora,' iii. 211. The ' Historia '
was compiled inA.D. 837, and in the eleventh- century copy of it in the Harley codex No. 3859 we find " Cair Lundem," which is a scribal error for Cair Lundein. In this MS. and in all other ancient copies of the
- H.B.' the diphthongs ai and ei are kept
distinct. In some MSS. of the fourteenth century ai usurps the place of ei, e.g., Cair Lundain. The digraph ei was used to indicate the infected sound, or Umlaut, of o, and that vowel was either organic, or was the representative of a more ancient a. In the list referred to ei is Umlaut of o, a, in Cair Ceint = Canti-um, Conti-opolis ; and in Cair Custeint = Custanti-um, from Con- stantius. It is Umlaut of o in Cair Segeint = Segonti-um ; in Cair Celeinion (MS. " cele- mion' ' ) = *Coloni-on; in Gereint = Geronti-us ; in Dyfneint=DumnOnti-a ; and in yspeil = spoli-a.
The Old- Welsh Lundein, for these reasons, postulates a form Lundoni-a, and that we may find in the letter about the bishoprics of Lundonia and Eburaca which Pope Gregory wrote to Augustine of Canterbury on 22 June, 601 ; vide Bede's ' H.E.,' I. xxix. p. 63. Gregory wrote " Lundoniensis Ciuitas" and "Lundonia Ciuitas," and it is from this sixth - century ecclesiastical Latin form that the oldest Welsh word for London, namely Lundein, derives its origin. It is not possible for Lundem, or *Llyndein, or Llyndain to mean " lake-fort," nor to represent anything but Lundonia and its sister-form Londonia.
ALFRED ANSCOMBE. 30, Albany Road, Stroud Green, N.
ELIZA FENNING'S EXECUTION (10 S, xii. 68). In The Weekly Register of 29 Aug., 1857 a Catholic newspaper which I think is now extinct there is an article on Eliza Fenning's case which MB. WALTER BELL may like to see. From what is said there, I think there can be little doubt that the poor girl was innocent of the crime for which she suffered. A. O. V. P.
The full account of Elizabeth Fenning
?iven in Pelham's ' Chronicles of Crime,' 841, makes no mention of any nephew of the Turners, though it appears that, after the trial and sentence, a statement was made to the Recorder that " a member of Mr. Turner's family, who was insane, had declared that he would poison the family " ; and also that on the eve of the execution a chemist in Holborn stated publicly that,
a few months before the alleged murder,
Robert Gregson Turner, in whose service
Fenning was, called on him in a wild and
deranged state, requesting to be put under
restraint, otherwise he declared he should
destroy himself and wife ; also, that it was
well known in the family that Robert
Turner was occasionally given to such violent
and strange conduct. Nothing is said of any
subsequent confession. W. B. H.
SCHOPENHAUER, IN ENGLISH (10 S. xii. 67). The author of the article on Schopenhauer in The Westminster Review for April, 1853, was John Oxenford ; see Gwinner's ' Arthur Schopenhauer ' (Leipsic, Brockhaus, 1862), p. 103. I think it safe to say that Schopen- hauer has never had any vogue in England.
TAXILE.
There is a good translation of Schopen- hauer's essays, with a biographical note in which the translator acknowledges her indebtedness in the preparation of the note to Dr. Gwinner's life and Prof. Wallace's work on the same subject by Mrs. Rudolf Dircks, in " The Scott Library " (Walter Scott). JOHN HEBB.
"TE IGITUR" (10 S. xii. 66). These are the first words of the Canon of the Mass in the Roman Missal. They are believed to be as old as the time of St. Gregory the Great, if not earlier. The words which MR. PICKFORD quotes from Sir Walter Scott's * Ivanhoe ' are evidence that the sentence of which they form a part was used in oaths of extreme sacredness.
See the ' Glossarium Mediae et Infimae Latinitatis ' of Dufresne, who quotes therein Durandus and earlier authorities.
EDWARD PEACOCK. Kirton-in-Lindsey.
No doubt the reference in ' Ivanhoe ' is to the Canon of the Mass, which begins "Te igitur, clementissime Pater," and it points to the custom of taking oath upon any book dedicated to sacred uses a Mass book, a book of Gospels, a book of Epistles, the Divine Office, or a Psalter, as occasion might serve a custom common before the Gospel book came to be exclusively used for this purpose. F. S. EDEN.
[MB. B. D. MOSELEY also thanked for reply.]
ENGRAVING BY J. G. WILL AFTER TOCQUE (10 S. xii. 49). This is a portrait of Tycho Hofman, gentilhomme danois " (I quote from Le Blanc's ' Catalogue de 1'CEuvre de Jean Georges Wille,' Leipsic, 1847, p. 130).
