io" s. ii. OCT. 22,1904.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
337
death at Tyburn. They were all drawn to
the place of execution on sledges, where the
Holy Maid was burnt, and the four monks
were hanged and quartered. No portrait
is given. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
.71, Brecknock Road.
NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.
A X< a' English Dictionary on Historical Principles. Edited by Dr. James A. H. Murray. MMan- 'dragon. (Vol. VI.) By Henry Bradley, Hon.M.A. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.)
THE double section of vol. vi. of the ' New English Dictionary ' issued under the supervision of Mr. Bradley supplies a considerable initial instalment of the important letter M. It includes, we are told, 3,175 words with 12,855 illustrative quotations. Attention is drawn by the management to the fact that it includes an unusual abundance of words derived from names of persons and places, such as vnacadamize, machiavellism, &c. ; and it is stated that make, " with its unparalleled variety of shades of meaning and multitude of idiomatic uses," occu- pies a rather larger amount of space over eleven pages than has hitherto been accorded to any -single word, the nearest approach to it having been found in Go. There is a profusion, hitherto unex- ampled, of words from Oriental, African, and South American languages ; Greek is principally represented in scientific terms, and there is a large percentage of law terms, such as maiiwur, miainprize, maintenance, malice, mandamus, and mandate. Under Macaroni in its primary sense of a-wheaten paste and its transferred significance of a species of exquisite, an anticipatory incroyable, a full history is given. Macaroni as an article of diet is first mentioned by Ben Jonson in * Cynthia's Revels,' 1599, where it is coupled with other luxuries such as amchouies. It is then lost sight of for half a century. Of the Macaroni and Theatrical Magazine, 1772, a work of extreme rarity, devoted in .part to the doings of the exquisite so named, we have copies, and we have also vol. ii. of "Caricatures, Macaronies, and Characters, by Sundry Ladies, Gentlemen, Artists, &c.," 1772, with numerous designs of macaronies. In connexion with this word should be studied macaroon, a species of sweet cake. Machine has many senses, from the horse by means of which Troy was captured, or the frame from which in Greek tragedy the god spake, to the "very pulse of the machine" in Wordsworth. Mackerel is frequently employed in English in its French sense of panderer, out no hint of derivation can be supplied. The first use, by Lydgate in 1500, of the word macrocosm is due to a mistake, "micro- cosm" being intended. A century elapses before the word is used in its right sense. Maain its various meanings supplies material for an excellent essay. A full history by quotations is supplied of the change in the use of Madam, employed " with progressively extended application." Under mad- l>it<t attention is drawn to a quotation by Drum- mond of Hawthornden, anticipating that of the " madding crowd" familiar in Gray's 'Elegy.' ira, is used in association with other wines. Shakespeare is quoted for " A Cup of Madera, and a cold Capons legge," * 1 Henry IV.,' i. ii. 128
Mademoiselle is often in English used independently
of a governess.
Much interesting conjecture is advanced in con- nexion with the origin of madrigal. The origin of maelstrom is shown to be Dutch, and not, as has hitherto been supposed, Scandinavian. We would have had a quotation from Mr. Swinburne for MccnauL Mrs. Radcliffe in 1797 uses maestro. Maf- ficking first appears in 1900 in the Pall Mail Gazette, and Mafia in the Times in 1875. A valuable history is supplied of magic and magician. Magic lantern is used so early as 1696. Maynanimous has a deeply interesting history. We fail to find " magnanimous Goldsmith" among the quotations, and know no reason for its presence but its popularity. Mag- nate, we are surprised to hear, is not in Johnson or Todd. It is used by Lydgate in 1430-40. Gabriel Harvey and Spenser anticipated Shakespeare in the use of magninco. We should scarcely say that, except dialectically, maid (sense 1) was now used only in arch or playful sense. Charles Kingsley, 1872, has : "Be good, sweet maid, and let who will be clever/' Under Mailed appears, with the date 1897, " mailed fist." One use of maim appears in no previous dictionary. A pleasant illustration of the use of main is found in " I maun cross the main, my dear." The main in games of hazard is of obscure history. The explanation given is from the 'Encyclopaedia Britannica.' Under Maintenance no fresh light is cast upon cap of maintenance. The term is first encountered in the 'Digby Mysteries,' 1485. Majolica is thought to be derived from Majorca. Major in army use derives from serge(a)nt- major. An explanation why major-general is in- ferior to lieutenant-general is supplied. Among the innumerable compounds of make, make-up claims attention. Made for male appears in legal use in England until the seventeenth century. Malinger, to pretend illness, is obscure in origin. Under Mai kin, Mall, and Manciple much that deserves study may be found. An interesting article on Mandragon is left unfinished. With the conclusion (not yet at hand) of the letter M the work jwill appear within measurable reach of termination, S and W being the only letters of primary import- ance with which no progress has been made. Writing now in advanced years, we are disposed to envy those before whom the entire work will be placed ready for use. These constitute, of course, the immense majority of those now alive. There are none the less those to whom the privileges of the majority seem enviable.
The Taming of the Shrew ; Julius Ca'sar ; Pericles;
King Henry V. ; All's Well that Ends Well;
Othello; King Lear; The Tempest. (Heinemann.) Eii;iiT further plays have been added to Mr. Heine- manu's " Favourite Classics " edition of Shake- speare, the cheapest and best in its line that has been published. In noticing these it is fair to make amends for past ignorance, and say that whereas, as we supposed (ante, p. 299, col. 2), no one alive could have seen l Titus Andronicus ' on the stage, Mr. Pickford states that the play was mounted by Ira Aldridge, the African Roscius, and adds that he has seen in a shop window an oil painting of Aldridge as Aaron. We fancy that this appearance,' wherever it took place, must have been in one of the altered versions of Ravenscrof t or others.
The plate to 'The Taming of the Shrew' pre- sents Mrs. Charles Kemble (better known as Miss De Camp) as Katharina. This part she played at
