494
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vm. DEC. 21, 1907.
changes colour, on exposure to the air, from deep
green to deep purple, owing to the formation of the
permanganate (KMnO*)."
In default of any evidence to the contrary, it seems as if Miss Wilkins and I were alone in the knowledge of camelian as a term for mock gold ; and I confess that I had forgotten the word until her ' Comfort Pease ' reminded me of it. It is at its last gasp in my lifetime, though it lived when I was young, and I never suspected it of being more perishable than myself. Ita verborum vetus interit cetas.
ST. SWITHIN.
The explanation given to ST. SWITHIN, that this word came from a mispronuncia- tion of " carnelian," was, I think, correct, A relative of mine, born in Long Island, treasured a carnelian ring given to her when a child, before 1870. Now corneline (our " carnelian ") rings were, and perhaps are still, worn in Provence. They were probably the aneu de veire (glass rings) commonly given to sweethearts as fairings. On inquiry of an ancient jeweller of this town, he at once produced several of these agate rings from his store of antiquities ; my wife recognizes them as being exactly like the treasured ring I have mentioned. I can get one for ST. SWITHIN, if he would like it.
Possibly the resemblance to " chameleon " may have influenced the corruption " car- nelian " for a variously coloured agate. But one point is certain : that this name had nothing to do with the coarse manganate of potash which, giving a solution at first green, then purple, was called " mineral chameleon " in the fifties, in the days before permanganate of potash was manufactured. But that is another story.
EDWABD NICHOLSON. Hyeres (Var).
JUVISY: ITS ETYMOLOGY (10 S. viii. 365). The etymology of Juvisy as proposed by Dr. Bougon must be correct, but the one for Fontainebleau ( = Fons Blaudi) is more doubtful, or at least not generally admitted.
On the very spot where the observatory is established at Juvisy, there used to exist on the high road a relay for stage-coaches ; and it was the nearest place reached by Napoleon in March, 1814, on his attempted way to Paris. L. P.
Paris.
PIE : TART (10 S. viii. 109, 134, 157, 178, 195, 431). I have not seen any notice of a small poem entitled ' Apple Pye,' written by Leonard Welsted in 1704, a few months
after his leaving Westminster School. It
was for a long time attributed to Dr. King.
The poem celebrates the beauties and de-
lights of " Apple Pye," and an extract may
be of some interest in connexion with the
discussion as to the distinction between
pie and tart, especially as the date (1704)
is comparatively early. The lines are as
follows :
When first this infant-dish in fashion came
Th' ingredients were but coarse, and rude the
frame ;
As yet unpolish'd in the modern arts, Our Fathers eat Brown Bread instead of Tarts : Pyes were but indigested lumps of Dough, Till time and just expence improv'd them so. I quote from the " Works in Verse and Prose of Leonard Welsted, now first col- lected by John Nichols," London, 1787.
A. H. ABKLE.
The following receipt is copied from an inedited 4to MS. in my possession, entitled " A Boke of Curious Receits experienced and made by Alexander Grimaldi, in Lon- dino, 1699"*:
"To make Almond Tart 13. Rx. a pound of
Almonds, twelve Eggs with whites and twelve Eggs without whites, a pound of sugar, and a pound of butter, and beat it up with some Rose- water, and put some Rosewater in your past." P. 7.
The author of the MS. was Alessandro Maria Grimaldi, a political refuges from Genoa, 1685 ; died in London, 1732. He was the master of Thomas Worlidge (' D.N.B.'). One of his receipts is in Gent. Mag., 1814, and thirty-seven more are in The Glamorgan County Timfs, 1906.
D. J.
For " pies of fruit " see Harrison's ' Eliza- bethan England,' cheap edition, edited by Withington, p. 94, 1. 12.
ALEX. RUSSELL, M.A.
Stronmess, Orkney.
'OLD TABLTON'S SONG' (10 S. viii. 188, 235, 277). I know nothing of "Old Tarl- ton " in connexion with this ditty, but I do know that a similar effusion is used in Northamptonshire in connexion with a game popular at evening parties and social gatherings. The game is known as ' The Noble Duke of York,' and is played thus. A number of people sit in a circle, each having chosen by name some musical instrument, which they proceed to play in dumb show. The director of the game sits in the centre of the circle, and his instru- ment is always the piano. The following words are sung lustily by all the players, they at the same time pretending to per-
