474
NOTES AND QUERIES, [ii s. VIIL DEC. 13, 1913.
discontinued in many schools," Hoole gives
rules for observing it " without any contest
or disturbance " till it die of itself.
DAVID SALMON. Swansea.
"TRAM-OAR '" (11 S. viii. 426). The most likely source for the use of this word (and other compounds connected with tram) is in one of the many Acts of Parliament deal- ing with early tram and railway lines. Most, if not all, of these Acts are "detailed in Priestley's ' Historical Account of the Navigable Rivers, Canals, and Hallways
throughout Great Britain 1831,' 4 to
{probably to be found in the Bodleian).
I think the earliest Act quoted therein is dated 1758, entitled an
" Act for establishing Agreements made between
Charles Brandling and other persons for laying
down a Waggon Way in order for the better sup- plying the town of Leeds with Coals. 9th
June, 1758."
Priestley adds :
" It is here worthy of remark that it was upon this Railway that the powers of the locomotive engine were first applied by the ingenious inventor John Blenkinsop, the manager of the Middleton Collieries."
The vehicles used for minerals and goods on the first tram or railway lines are usually designated " waggons " in the earliest Acts of Parliament, and those which carried pas- sengers are generally termed " carriages " or " coaches."
Should these old Acts fail to reveal the compounds sought, the next most likely sources are the following books : Eason,
- Street Railways,' published at Philadelphia,
1859, thin demy 8vo ; Train (George F.),
- Observations on Street Railways,' Liver-
pool, 1860, thin demy 8vo, with plates, one of which depicts a laden tramcar at Birken- head, the first city to possess a town tram- way.
The synonym carriage (in connexion with the earliest tramlines) is often used in the old Acts, where the rates and charges for conveyance of passengers and goods are detailed. From carriaqe to car is an easy transition. WILLIAM JAGOABD.
In ' Metropolitan Tramways,' London, 1873, is given a statement of street acci- dents, in which the following compounds occur frequently. In January, 1871, " the horse. . . .was thrown down and killed oppo- .site the tramway -yard." On 10 Sept., 187],
- ' a tram-car ran into and damaged an omni-
bus." On 6 Oct., 1871, " a ladv, crossing
the Walworth Road, fell on the tram-rail.'
On 5 April, 1873, " a tramway -car left the
rails.
In 'Tramways,' by D. K. Clark, 1878, p. 274, is an illustration of an " Original Tram -Car, manufactured in 1831, by Mr. John Stepheiison, New York."
Tram-lint is not used technically.
TOM JONES.
Touching the word tram-car being in use before 1881, \ve had tram-cars in Leicester early in the seventies, which were always spoken of by this name.
FLORENCE MARY GARDINER.
"ENTENTE CORDIALE" (11 S. viii. 47). - In reply to the query by F. C. J. concerning uses of the phrase " Entente Corcliale : ' earlier than September, 1859, you pointed out that as early as September, 1848, it was already in common use. May I direct F. C. J.'s attention to where he may find the first instance of that epoch -making expression ? The following is an extract from the Charivari, under date Saturday, 6 Jan., 1844 ; it is a critical and jocular review of a speech made a few days before by the minister Guizot. probably at Bor- deaux :
" Demands, et Von vous refusera.
" Les plaisanteries contenues dans le discours cle la Garonne trouvent de 1'echo de 1'autre cote de la Manche. II n'y a pas de bonne fete sans lendemain, ni de bon discours de la Garonne sans un corollaire des journaux anglais.
" Entre autres droleries, on a peut-etre remarque un mot de ce prodigieux discours : ' La CORDIALE ENTENTE qui exivte enf re le gouvfrnement francais et celui de la Grande-Bretagne.' Le Time*, lui non plus, ne 1'a pas laisss echapper ; le Times ne laisse rien passer sans crier Qui vi ve ? C'est uue sentinelle que nous avons clans la Manche.
" ' Tiens ! s'est dit le Time*, cette cordiale entente est une assez agre'able decouverte. II est vrai qu'elle se manifesto au jour de 1'an, epoque oil le chien et le chat eux-memes Jentendent cordialemen* .
" 'Quand on en est a la cordiale entente, c'est qu'on s'aime d'amour tendre ; on devient Castor et Pollux.'"
There follows a somewhat tedious alle- gory, spun out in a very chauvinistic spirit, of France and England under the guise of Castor and Pollux.
I regret that I am not able to refer your correspondent to Guizot's speech ; but, at any rate, it will be easy to look up the files of The Times for the last days of Decem- ber, 1843, and the first days of January. 1844, in which the newly coined phrase will probably be found to be discussed. " Qui scit ubi scientia sit, ille est proximus ha- benti." R- I- CRU.
New York.
