136 NOTES AND QUERIES. [12 S. X. FEB. 18, 1922.
both writers possessed in so great a might easily account for this omission.
Mr. Mansel-Pleydell's valuable article was well illustrated by some photographic objects of Kimmeridge shale, including several discs or "coal money"—and he begins his remarks on these interesting relics by saying:—
It is now generally accepted that instead of having been expressly made for money or any other purpose it is merely the refuse or waste piece from the lathe.
This so-called Kimmeridge coal money is made from a bituminous shale extensively developed at the little village of Kimmeridge, which has the honour of giving the name to this section of the upper Portland series. It resembles jet, but differs in being inorganic.
And again (p. 187):—
From the evidence adduced above there is no proof that coal money and other objects made of Kimmeridge shale were extant before the Roman period. The barrows, which are decidedly British, yield nothing manufactured from the Kimmeridge shale, although unworked pieces often occur for reasons to be accounted for; . . . there is no doubt that the coal money is merely the refuse or core from the lathe.
Tavern Signs: "The Five Alls"
(12 S. ix. 45, 355, 390; x. 78). At the
second reference K. S. remarks that this
sign is "to be found in Wiltshire at the
towns of Chippenham and Marlboro ugh."
It was at one time to be found at Devizes j
also, as may be learnt from the ' Journals I
and Letters ' of Samuel Curwen, Judge of
the American Admiralty Court, whose j
diaries of his stay in England from 1775
to 1783 so greatly interested Charles Dickens |
(Household Words, May and June, 1853).
Curwen set out from Bath for London on !
Aug. 4, 1780, and the following few lines
are taken from his account of the journey :
At eleven o'clock we alighted at the Black |
Lion in Devizes, where, after taking refreshment.
I walked forth to ramble, and espied a sign for
quaintness of its device here noted. On the sign
were painted five men, well known by the name
of the " five alls " ; the first in order, according
to the present mode of arrangement of Church
before King, stands the parson in his sacer-
dotalibus ; he prays for all : second, the lawyer,
in his gown, band and tie-wig ; he pleads for all :
third, the soldier in uniform, with a fierce counte-
nance ; he fights for all : fourth is a physician,
with great wig and solemn phiz and boluses and
juleps in his hand ; he kills or cures all : the fifth
and last is the farmer, with his settled, thoughtful
countenance ; he pays for all.
In this form the sign is clearly intended
as a compliment to " the country interest,"
and would scarcely be displayed in London,
the seat of " the court interest." Curwen's
next stopping-place was in fact Marlborough,
but he does not appear to have noted a
repetition of this sign, due perhaps to his
giving his whole attention to the grounds
and gardens of the famous Castle Inn,
which he describes in some detail.
J. PAUL DE CASTRO.
PRINCIPAL LONDON TAVERNS or THE
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: "THE SWAN
TAVERN," CHELSEA (12 S. vi. 144; x. 96).
The solution to the apparent discrepancy re-
marked by MR. ST. JOHN BROOKS in the devises
of Oct. 11, 1770, and April 4, 1794, lies in the
fact that meanwhile, in 1780, the original
Old Swan Tavern, which had stood at the
southern end of Swan Walk 011 the eastern
side of Sir Hans Sloane's Physic Garden was
converted into a brewery," and that the
second or White Swan Tavern was built on
the western side of the garden, which would
bring it almost within Cheyne Walk. There
are people still alive who remember the
newer " Old Swan."
It does not appear to be generally known
that Tobias Smollett frequented the older
house. Writing to Alexander Reid, surgeon,
on Aug. 3, 1763, he begs to be remembered
to his old friends at the Swan.
J. PAUL DE CASTRO.
" TIME WITH A GIFT OF TEARS " (12 S. X.
18, 54, 96). This passage is not the only, or
even the first, occasion on which Swinburne
used the figure (whatever it is called) of
transposing the attributes of a pair of en-
tities. I remember, when ' Atalanta in
Calydon ' was first published, John Coning -
ton, who was then Professor of Latin at
Oxford, instancing as an earlier -example of
this literary waywardness two lines of an
earlier tour de force composed by Swinburne,
called " The Woodlouse," which ran -
I remember all the future
I prefigure all the past.
JOHN R. MAGRATH.
ERGHUM (12 S. x. 9, 55, 99). A canon
of Lincoln described as Magister Radulphus
de Ergum, Erghom, Yergom, is frequently
mentioned in the capitular Acta in the
fourteenth century. He was cited as
canon in May, 1331, was appointed custos
choristarum April 8, 1352, and occurs fre-
quently as witnessing to proceedings in
chapter from 1337 to 1355. He is not
mentioned in Hardy's ' Le Neve,' nor is there
anything in the Acta to show which prebend
he held, so far as I have noted. J. T. F.
Winterton, Lines.
