128. X. JI.-XE 10, 1922.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 449 98. Close to 97, n. from it on a m.u.s. ; w.f.e. Sacred to the memory of Charles Brown, who departed this life on the 6th of August. 1844, aged 53 years. 99. Close to 98, n. from it on a s.u.s. ; w.f.e. In memory of William Brown, who departed this life on the 13th of February, 1847, aged 84 years. 100. Close to 99, n. from it on a m.u.s. ; w.f.e. In memory of Mary, the wife of William Brown, who died April 3, 1801, in the 37 year of her age. " Death is grievous and would not spare A loving wife, a 'mother dear. No doubt but she is blest above, Where happy souls do nought but love." Also five children who died in their infancy. 101. Close to 100, n. from is on a s.u.s. ; w.f.e. To the memory of Sarah Maria Brown, daughter of Joseph & Susannah Brown, who departed this life February 2nd, 1822, aged one year. L. H. CHAMBERS. (To be continued.) JULIAN BOWER. In an account of the rebellion in Lincolnshire against Henry VIII. in 1536 it is stated that the rebels mustered at Julian Bower near Louth (Letters and Papers of Henry VIII., xi. 971), and on Speed's map of Lincolnshire, 1610, Julian Bower is marked close to Louth. In reading this account the odd and pretty name of " Julian Bower " fixed itself in my mind, and recurred to me when I read the following passage in ' Yews,' by A. B. Cooke, i., p. 472 et seq. : In Great Britain mosaic mazes are exceptional and late, but turf-cut mazes fairly common and early. They are mostly situated close to a church or chapel, so that not impossibly they served a penitential purpose. . . . Aubrey states that before the Civil War there were many mazes in England, and that the young people used on festivals to dance upon them, or, as the term was, to tread them. Stukeley, in 1724, writes: " The lovers of antiquity, especially of the inferior class, always speak of 'em with great pleasure, and as if there were something extraordinary in the thing, though they cannot tell what. . . Antiquaries, monkish or otherwise, appear to have assumed the Roman lineage of these mazes, for in England they are commonly called " Troy town.". . . Another name for them is Julian's Bower. ... It would seem, then, that in Great Britain, Scandinavia, the north-east of Russia and Iceland rough mazes of unknown antiquity exist, which conform to the same general pattern as that of the Cretan Labyrinth. The first to grasp the full significance of this curious fact was Dr. Krause. . . . He endeavoured to show that the maze of the countryside was no imitation of the classical labyrinth, but that rather the classical labyrinth was an imitation of it. Maze and labyrinth alike were survivals of a remote past and were originally used for the purpose of a mimetic solar rite. Now in Dr. G. C. Williamson's most interesting biography of " Lady Anne Clifford," recently published and a store- house of information, I find that Roger., second Lord Clifford, " had a fair mistress whom he lodged in a house which, after her name, was called ' Julian's Bower,' or probably more accurately ' Gillian's Bower '." Roger, Lord Clifford, "died c. 1327. To quote Dr. Williamson further : In Hodgson's description of the county of West- moreland, we learn that it was a little house hard by Whinfell Park, the foundations of which were in his time (1807) still visible, but he tells us that in the time of Lady Anne Clifford (1590-1676) the house . . . was a spacious and interesting building. ... It was then, clearly, a place of some importance because the diary (of Lady Anne) makes many references to it, as it was one of the sights of the neighbourhood, to which Lady Anne sent her guests (pp. 8-9). Nothing is said about a maze, but it will be remembered that Henry II. 's fair Rosamond of the maze and bower was also supposed to be a Clifford, though Dr. Williamson can find no authority for the legend. M. H. DODDS. LITERARY PARALLELS AND COINCIDENCES. Among the numerous illustrations of the above title cited at various times in the columns of ' N. & Q.,' the following two seem to have escaped notice : 1. Alexandre Audryane, a young French- man who suffered imprisonment in the Spielberg along with Silvio Pellico, published, some years after his release, two volumes entitled * Souvenirs de Geneve ' (1839). In the second of these (ii. 290) occurs the following remark : . . . Un homme qui apprecie 1'ange aux formes divines que le ciel lui a donne pour femme, autaat a peine qu'un de ses chevaux de course ou qu'un de ses limiers favoris. In 1842, Tennyson (no doubt quite independently) expresses the same idea in the hackneyed couplet of ' Locksley Hall,' with a trifling difference in order of preference : He will hold thee, when his passion shall have spent its novel force, Something better than his dog, a little dearer than his horse. It is strange to find once more the same statement and the same comparison given by Emile Augier in his one-act curtain-raiser, ' Le Post-Scriptum,' In sc. i. Madame de Verliere impatiently and scornfully exclaims : Cette humiliante facon d'aimer qui nous met
