12 S. X. JUNE 17, 1922.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 467 THE CUTTY SARK. References to the Cutty Sark the famous tea clipper of East London dock associations in the middle Victorian times are cropping up frequently since the old China flyer was discovered, in another guise, in the Thames oversea tramp trade for account of Portuguese owners. A correspondent writes that Captain Moody, the Cutty Sark's first skipper once a well- known figure in East London circles where officer- seamen assembled for business pur- poses is still alive and resides at Macduff House, Auchtermuchty, Fifeshire. Now ninety-three years of age, Captain Moody is rather frail in body, but his mind still takes an active interest in most matters, especially in his renowned Skimmer of the Seas and any of the surviving members of its various crews. Mr. F. H. Read, now of Belmont Park, Lee, writes : I was born in Blackwall in 1857 and saw, as a young man, a very large number of the ships that visited the Thames and its docks, including the Cutty Sark. With the early history of Blackwall must be bound up the goings and comings of Ra- leigh, Drake, and other overseas explorers. In fact, in the street in which I was born, Blackwall Harbour (long since swept away), a house stood that was said to have been inhabited by the great Sir Walter, and immediately opposite, in my day, was the Artichoke Tavern, once the rendezvous of our Ministers when they met to partake of their whitebait dinners. j^ c FLAT CANDLE. -MR. HENRY LEFFMANN writes, s.v. c Dickens's Literary Allusions,' ante, p. 437, " I made an unsuccessful at- tempt some years ago to find out the nature of the ' flat candle ' which Master Bardell was carrying when he admitted Mr. Weller on that eventful evening." In 1918 (12 S. iv. 106, 173) ; ' flat candle " was discussed. The weight of evidence or opinion was, I think, decidedly in favour of " a candle used in a flat candlestick, one w r ith a broad stand and short stem." There were three corre- spondents who cited actually flat candles, but as two of them mentioned that such candles were used by cobblers, and the third assigned other flat candles to stable-work and coach lamps, it would appear that they had nothing to do with the ordinary bedroom flat candle or candlestick. MK. ARDAGH, who raised the question in 1918, asked, "Where is an illustration of one to be found ? " In * Pickwick,' chap, xxxv., p. 390 of the original edition : Mr. Winkle jumped out of bed . . . and hastily putting on his stockings and slippers, folded his dressing-gown round him, lighted a flat candle from the rushlight that was burning in the fire- place, and hurried down stairs. Facing the next page is " Phiz's " plate, in which may be seen Winkle holding the extinguished flat candle above his head. Facing p. 233, chap, xxii., is a " Phiz " plate, in which appears Miss Witherfield " brushing what ladies call their ' back hair '." On the dressing-table is a candle- stick similar to Mr. Winkle's, except that it has an extinguisher. It is called in the text a " candle " and a " light." On the floor is a rushlight and shade in a small basin of w r ater. One of Crow quill's " extra " illustrations, in my copy of ' Pickwick ' facing p. 381, presents " Mr. Winkle at door." The flat candle which he has in his hand is the or- dinary broad-bottomed candlestick with a short candle. At 12 S. iv. 173, the first reply says that the ' N.E.D.,' under ' Flat, 15,' cuiotes from Dickens (' Haunted House,' v. [sic ? p.] 22), " a bedroom candlestick and candle, or a fla^. candlestick and candle put it which way you like." ' The Haunted House ' is the extra Christmas number of All the Year Round, 1859. Dickens wrote the first story and the last, but Wilkie Collins wrote the fifth, viz., * The Ghost in the Cupboard Room,' from which the quotation is taken. See the k Contents ' in ' The Nine Christmas Numbers of All the Year Round, which is a re-issue or reprint of the numbers in volume form, not dated, probably 1869 or 1870 (certainly not later than 1870) ; also see
- The Haunted House,' the first of the nine
little volumes of the Christmas numbers of A II the Year Round, published by Chapman and Hall in 1907. ROBERT PIERPOINT. " DYARCHY." -We read much about it to- day in connexion with British India ; but the word is not to be found in such diction- aries as I have been able to consult. In 4 Tacitus and Some Roman Ideals,' a Presi- dential Address delivered before the Philo- logical Association of the Pacific Coast in San Francisco, Nov. 29, 1915, and printed in The University of California Chronicle, vol. xviii., Mr. Jefferson Elmore, at p. 65, speaking of the relation of the princeps to the Senate in the time of Augustus says : For this form of government , which they them- selves devised, the Romans had no special name, but it has been happily described by Alommsen as a dyarchy a government of two powers. . . . We shall the more readily comprehend this form of government if we reflect that the type is re- produced for us (strangely enough) in the Ameri- can university of to-day. JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.
