498
NOTES AND QUERIES. [12 s. II.IDEC. ie, wie.
The principle that two local pilgrimages
rn- c|uivalent to one to a more distant
shrine was well recognized in mediaeval
days. For example, two pilgrimages to St.
David's, in \Va!es, equalled in merit one
made to Rome. This popular belief was ex-
pn-ssed in the saying " Roma semel quan-
tum, dat bis Menevia tantum." Cf. Heath,
' Pilgrim Life in the Middle Ages,' pp. 39,
268. JAMIESON B. HURRY, M.D.
Westfield, Reading.
From ' The Franciscan Manual,' 9th edi- tion (Dublin, James Duffy & Co., Ltd., n.d.), at pp. 424-7, it appears that the first Stations of the Cross were erected in Europe by the Franciscan Fathers of the Observance in the fourteenth century, when visits to the Holy Places became practically im- possible :
The first Indulgences, for this devotion, were granted by Innocent XL, 6 Nov., 1686 : these were renewed by Innocent XII., 24 Dec., 1692, but only for members of the three [Franciscan] Orders, and of the Cord of S. Francis. Benedict XIII., 13 March, 1726, extended this privilege to all the faithful who performed the Way of the Cross in the churches of the Friars Minor. Clement XII., 3 April, 1731, authorized the erection of the Stations in churches and oratories not belonging to the Franciscan Order, provided it were done by the Friars Minor, subject to the General of the
Observance, to the exclusion of all others This
was confirmed by Benedict XIV., 10 May, 1742."
"Now the faculty for erecting the Stations is ordinarily granted to Bishops for their Dioceses, and frequently to other Religious, or to secular priests where the Franciscans have no house."
" Those who perform the Way of the Cross can uain all the Indulgences accorded to a personal visit to the Holy Places at Jerusalem."
Further information concerning this de- votion can be obtained from the pages cited above, and from ' The Catholic Encyclo- paedia.' JOHN B. WAESTE WRIGHT.
In Mr. A. B. Cook's ' Zeus,' vol. i. pp. 472- 490, there is a full discussion of the origin and meaning of ecclesiastical and other mazes. He refers to their use for penitential purposes, and gives a number of references to other books and articles upon the subject.
M. H. DODDS.
"FFOLIOTT" AND " FFBENCH " (12 S. ii. 429). The ft is, as the editor points out, only the original form of the capital /. My fore-elders in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, who did not affect gentility, always used it in signing their name.*. But it is not " only in the case of names." In a fifteenth-century MS. now before me it is sometimes used in ordinary words, as ffrumentum, ffrater, ffessum, though more
frequently in proper names. Like other
capitals, it seems to be used on no definite
principle. Thus in the same MS. the small
a and the capital E are scarcely ever used
as initial letters, and we have Averia, Agni,
&c., and ebor (York), Joh. esby, &c., con-
stantly. So we have S'ci and S'ce, or s'ci
and s^ce, within a line or two of one another,
so again ffrumentum and frumentum, &c.
J. T. F.
POE, MARGARET GORDON, " BETSY " BONAPARTE, AND " OLD MORTALITY " (12 S. ii. 367). I am afraid your correspondent will have some difficulty in connecting the Bonaparte Patersons with the " Old Mor- tality " Patersons. Is he acquainted with the lengthy ^'correspondence on the subject ? See 4 S. vi. 70, 187, 207, 243, 290, 354 ; vii. 60, 264 ; 5 S. ii. 97 : also Andrew Lang's Introduction to " Old Mortality " in the Border Edition of the Waverley Novels.
W. E. WILSON.
TOUCH WOOD (12 S. ii. 330, 418). Com- pare ' Wisdom of Solomon,' xiv. 7 : " For blessed is the wood whereby righteousness cometh." The Vulgate version is : " Benedic- tum est enim lignum per quod fit justitia." Here the allusion is obviously to Noah and the Ark. K-. S.
INSCRIPTIONS IN THE BURIAL-GROUND OF THE CHAPEL ROYAL, SAVOY (12 S. ii. 425). Within the Chapel itself, not far from the altar, under an oblong slab, rest the remains of the Scotch poet, Gawin Douglas (1474- 1522), who was living in the parish of St. Clement's at the time of his death.
N. W. HILL.
' SIR GAMMER VAUS' (12 S. ii. 410). Under the name of Sir Gammer Vans, W. S. will find this in Halliwell's ' Nursery Rhymes,' and told by Joseph Jacobs in his inimitable manner in ' More English Fa>'ry Tales,' with a note giving references to analogues.
YGREC.
VILLAGE POUNDS (12 S. i. 29, 79, 117, 193, 275, 416, 474 ; ii. 14, 77, 197, 319, 457). At West Derby, the village stocks have been set in the site of the ancient pound, with this inscription :
To Commemorate the Long and Happy Reign of Queen Victoria and the Coronation ot King Ed-
ward VII.
this site of the ancient pound of the Dukes of Lancaster and others Lords of the Manor of West
Derby
was enclosed and planted and the village Stocks set herein Easter 1904.
J. ARDAGH..
