i2s.VLAraii.io, 1920.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
113
where the boundary line between Hampshire
and Dorset comes down to the sea, offered by
its fringe of chines a favourable opportunity
for the smuggling of contraband goods :
" All classes contributed to its support. The farmers lent their teams and labourers, and the gentry openly connived at the practice and dealt with the smugglers." .
At Heron Court, now the seat of the Earl of Malmesbury, the squire sat at dinner with his back to the window, that he might not see the waggons loaded with the kegs of brandy drive past the house. See Mate and Riddle's ' Bournemouth,' chap. ii.
JOHN R. MAGBATH.
A MS. copy of the above epitaph, which I have in my possession, supplies one of the facts relating to Trotman's death as to which MK. PAGE inquires. Between the locus in quo (Poole) and the date occur the words: " in an affray with the coast guard." The deceased was evidently a smuggler, engaged in " running " a contraband cargo of tea, when he met his death at the hands of the Preventive Service. J. S. UDAL.
UNANNOTATED MARRIAGES AT WEST- MINSTER (12 S. vi. 65). It is true that the study of genealogy has made great progress since 1875, when Col. Chester printed the ' Registers of Westminster Abbey.' May I make the practical suggestion that ' N. & Q.' should be supplied with the rest of the list of the unannotated twenty-nine marriages ? I am pretty sure that something can be said about them. GEORGE SHERWOOD.
2. "Matthew Gafford and Martha Bart- let." If the name Gafford ever existed, which we doubt, it was indeed a very rare surname. A collection of several million references to surnames occurring in the national records contains no Gafford. We suggest that this bridegroom was a Gosford and that his Christian name was Richard, not Matthew. On the very same day, Nov. 26, 1656, Richard Gosford is recorded at St. Margaret's, Westminster, as marrying Martha Bartlett. Genealogy abounds in coincidences, still it is difficult to credit that two Martha Bartletts were married at West- minster on the same day, one at the Abbey to Matthew Gafford and the other at St. Margaret's to Richard Gosford. Col. Chester's preface refers to the confusion between these two registers. We find we have numerous references to the name Gosford in our collection. There was a carpenter of this surname living at Richmond, Surrey, 1689-1701 (see Public Record Office,
C.9,474/65, and the printed parish registers
of Richmond).
3. " John Lyon and Elizabeth Paul." The bride is probably the Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Pawle, who was baptized at St. Margaret's, Westminster, April 3, 1636_
4. The date is 1669, not 1696 as printed in the query. BERNAIT & BERNAU.
20 Charleville Road, W.14.
"CATHOLIC" (12 S. vi. 12). If being. " adopted by the Church " means incor- porated in the historic Creeds, it was nob. until the fifth century that the term was so- crystallized in the West. The title "Holy Church " sufficed for the earliest Christians ; but the word was frequently used, subse- quent to Ignatius, by Tertullian and other- writers to distinguish, primarily, the Church Universal from its local parts. In Eastern creeds the use of the term occurs as early as- A.D. 326 (vide Swete, 'Holy Catholic Church'). C. J. TOTTENHAM.
Diocesan Church House, Liverpool.
Westcott in 'The Bible in the Church' says that the term " Catholic " first occurs^ in the letter of Ignatius to the Church at Smyrna. Ignatius died in 107 or 116.. Polycarp (d. 166 or 169) is the next authority who applies the term to the Churches^ throughout the world.
St. Cyril warned his people that if they- sojourned in any city it was not sufficient for them to inquire for the church or the Lord's house, for Marcionists, Manichees, and all sorts of heretics, professed to be of the Church and called their places of assembly the house of the Lord, but they ought to ask : " Where is the Catholic Church ? " For this is the peculiar name of " the Holy Body, the mother of us all, the spouse of the- Lord Jesus Christ." M. A.
In the course of a long and instructive article on this word in the ' Catholic En- cyclopaedia,' iii. 449-52, Fr. H. ^Thurston,, S'.J., says that the combination 17 KaSoXiKrf (KK\r](ria. " is found for the first time in the letter of St. Ignatius to the Smyrnaeans- written about the year 110."
JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.
The origin of the word " Catholic " i traced in the ' Catholic Encyclopaedia,' many references and quotations being given. The earliest meaning of the word was " universal," and in this sense it occurs in the Greek classics, e.g., in Aristotle and Polybius ; and it was freely used by the earlier Christian writers in what may be called its primitive.
