376
NOTES AND QUERIES. [9 s. xi. MAY 9, IOOB.
similarity in meaning. Possibly the latter
word will be found in some Italian or Spanish
dictionary of architectural terms, and it is
very desirable that its origin should be dis-
covered. S. O. ADDY.
What is amiss with loricula ? See ' Csesar,' 'B. G.,' viii. 9, a book ascribed to Aulus Hirtius. Ains worth's dictionary gives for lori- cula, over the above quotation, 4> a gallery or balcony on a wallside, with grates to keep one from falling"; and for lorica, a shed, or penthouse, built over a wall " (Vitruvius). A better quotation from Bitson's ' Romances ' could have been found in ' The Squyr of Lowe Degre,' 1. 91 :
That lady herde his mournyng all, Ryght under the chambre wall ; In her oryatt there she was, Closed well with royall glas, Fulfylled it was with ymagery, Every wyndowe by and by, On eche syde had there a gynne, Sperde with many a dy vers pynne.
There is much about "oriel" in Halliwell, whom it is superfluous to quote. H. P. L.
How would ME. ADDY describe the "hagio- scope " or squint (so called by us) in the church of St. Thomas a Becket, Cliff, Lewes ? CAROLINE STEGGALL.
Lewes.
m These squints are not usually on the south side. I have just returned from a ramble in Monmouthshire, and the three or four squints I saw and sketched are all on the north side between the north transept and the chancel. These transepts in ancient churches were generally, if not always, private chapels.
R. B-R.
KINGS IN 1487 (9 th S. xi. 308). This identical query, based on the same will, was asked at 3 rd S. iii. 328, and replies followed at pp. 416, 460, 516. The " wells " are the wounds of our Lord. They are represented in ancient glass in Sidmouth Church ; and a corresponding ring is described and engraved in Gent. Mag., 1803, i. 497. The "wells" also appear 'in Pugin's 'Glossary, 'pi. 63. W. C. B.
ROAD WAGGONS FROM LIVERPOOL (9 th S. xi. 88). Presumably the Liverpool to London journey is to be understood by MRS. COPE'S inquiry. The difficulties of this journey, owing to the bad roads, were notorious, even after the carriers' task was lightened by the cutting of the canals, which facilitated a traffic by what was known as the "canal waggon." The waggoner was often, by reason of these bad roads, compelled to employ five, six, seven, eight, and even ten strong horses,
and many were the suggestions put forward
for the improved construction of waggon-
wheels. There was, however, for a long time
very little direct heavy-goods traffic by waggon
between London and Liverpool, for until the
Plague in 1665, which drove many of the
London merchants to Liverpool, that village
contained no more than 4,000 inhabitants.
(See Richard Fielder's ' Case in Relation to
the Petition of the Waggoners,' 1696, and
'The Case of John Littledale against the
Pretended Petition of the Waggoners travel-
ling the Northern Roads of England ' ;
Sydney's ' Social Life in England from 1660
to 1690,' 1892, p. 92 ; Thomas Baines's ' Hist,
of Liverpool,' 1852, pp. 252-3 ; and Sydney's
'England and the English in the Eighteenth
Century,' 1891, vol. ii. p. 12, et seq.) The
"Axe" in Aldermanbury was the principal
stopping-place for the wainman from Lanca-
shire (Taylor's 'Carriers' Cosmographie,' 1637),
and so this famous waggoners' inn continued
right up to the time of the usefulness of stage
waggons being superseded by railways. In
1742 the Cheshire and Lancashire waggons
set out from the " Axe " Inn in Aldermanbury
every Thursday and Monday. Passengers
were accommodated with places, and goods
were carried to Betley, Church Lauton, Sand-
batch, Holmes Chapel, Middlewich, Knots-
ford, Northwich, Altringham, Manchester,
Rochdale, Bury, Bolton, Wiggan, Warrington,
Prescot, Ormskirk, Liverpool, and places
adjacent (Daily Advertiser, 22, 23, 25, 26 June,
1742). In Taylor's time it took ten days in
summer and twelve in winter to perform the
journey ('Cosmog.,' 1637).
In 1807 waggons started from the "Axe" daily at noon. In 1810 what was called a canal waggon left the "Axe," the "Salis- bury Arms" in Cow Lane, the "Saracen's Head " in Snow Hill, and the " Castle " and the " Bell" in Wood Street, daily for Liver- pool. In 1821 another step in the progress of heavy-goods conveyance was the running of a fly waggon, presumably a more expe- ditious waggon, which left Jolly's Warehouse, 13, Aldersgate Street, daily for Liverpool. In 1823 "fly waggon" is printed in Roman capitals as if the venture had been a great success. In 1824, besides the fly waggon and canal waggon (the latter was then still going), we hear for the first time of a "van" which left the "Castle and Falcon," Aldersgate, and the " Castle " in Wood Street, for the same destination. And so this service of waggons and vans continued up to at least 1839. In September, 1838, the London and Liverpool Railway line was opened. In 1840 the railway is mentioned in
