s. xii. SEPT. 19, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
221
LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 190S.
CONTENTS. No. 299.
NOTES : The Ligurians, 221 Analogues of a Syriac Apocryph, 222" Sugh," 223-Memory, 224-Marco Polo's Portrait Memorandum Weather Lore, 1788 "Annun- ciator," 225 Abraham Lincoln Last Survivor of 1820 Settlers in Cape Colony 'Doones of Bxmoor' Great Tom of Oxford Brooke, 226.
QUERIES :-Halliwell MS. Wanted Hidden Treasure "Nitchies" "Cavatina" Count Sxapary, 227 Ruts - Bonnycastle Heraldic Scudamore's Poems "Nou- mena " Desecration of Hemington Church De Mesmes and Metnes Families Gott Miller " Counter-jumpers" Bristol Puzzle-Ring Rebel Flag of Ireland, 228 St. Kitts Sandgate Castle Skipwith Col. Horton, 229.
REPLIES : Mannings and Tawell, 229 Letters of Dorothy Osborne, 230 'A Pretty Woman,' &c. "I" with Small Letter Square Cap- "To mug," 231 Anthropoid Ape Gillygate at York The Pope and the Massacre of St. Bar- tholomew ' Nova Solyma,' 232 Geryon " Tongue- twisters," 233 Long Lease Primrose Superstition, 234 Tongue-pricks Marat in London Archbishop King's Prison Diary Sir Nicholas Kemeys Free Catholic Christians Bowes Family English Grave at Ostend, 235 Was Marat a Jew ? John Wilkes Booth W. H. Cullen Dog of St. Roch "Pass," 236 Japanese Monkeys ' Tales from Dreamland ' Salop, 237 John Thomas Towson Farthings Mary, Queen of Scots, 238.
NOTES ON BOOKS : Dasent's ' Acts of the Privy Council' Higgins's ' Bernards of Abington and Nether Winchen- don ' Sharpe's ' Calendar of Letter-Books of the City of London ' Haney's 'Bibliography of Coleridge' Roper's 4 Life of Sir Thomas More 'Sorrow's ' Romany Rye.'
Notices to Correspondents.
THE LIGURIANS.
A SUGGESTIVE account of the racial types in modern Spain is to be found in an ap- pendix to Dr. Gadow's 'In Northern Spain.' The writer there formulates a theory which is in danger of being overlooked, occurring as it does in a volume devoted to a chatty description of two summer tours. His main points may be shortly noted. In prehistoric Spain there were three races : (1) the dolmen builders, who, like those of North Africa, Great Britain, North Germany, and Southern Scandinavia, were tall, short-faced, long- headed, fair, with blue or grey eyes; (2) a short-headed, dark-haired race ; and (3) the Kelts, whom, curiously enough, he charac- terizes as short-headed and dark-haired.
In modern Spain we find the Basques, who are physically similar to (1) above. Very similar are some Berber tribes, the Tuaregs, some Somali tribes, the Guanches of the Canaries, and possibly the Tamehu of the old Egyptians. Dr. Gadow's theory is that Spain, France, and Italy were first peopled by Palaeolithic, short-headed, dark-haired, short people, possibly akin to the Dark Kabyles, and coming very likely from Armenia. Later a North African Berberic
race originating in Egypt or Somaliland
extended in two streams into Europe, one
stream crossing into Spain, the other through
Sardinia and Corsica to France, and thence
by way of Brittany to Great Britain, while
a side stream went to Germany and
Scandinavia. These were the dolmen
builders, and their culture was Neolithic.
As they passed out of that stage of culture
they gave up erecting dolmens, and at the
same time mingled with the original short-
headed race. Hence we have an explanation
of the circumscribed area in which the stone
monuments of Spain are found. This race
of dolmen builders can alone be termed
Iberians. Apparently the older race are
Ligurians. Both races spoke non-Aryan
languages, and modern Basque is a mixture of
their two tongues : it is impossible to say
which is the predominant partner.
Assuming that this theory is correct, we have a basis for a clearer analysis of English types than the ordinary Iberian- Keltic- Teuton formula. In an account of the people of Ireland from the pen of Sir H. Johnston which appeared in the Daily Graphic some months ago, I notice that with reference to the Iberian type grey eyes are mentioned as a characteristic, but occasionally brown. This surely points to the fact that what Sir H. Johnston calls the Iberian type is really a mixture. I am inclined to think that the ultimate analysis of the racial types of Great Britain is as follows. After the Neander- thaloid man disappeared the islands were occupied by an Esquimaux type. Next came an invasion of Iberians, when the stone monu- ments were built. Then came an influx of the mixed Ibero-Ligurians, thus introducing the brown-eyed type of Iberian, to be followed by two waves of Kelts, then Teutons and others of whom we read in history.
To assign any particular individual at the present day to one or another of these races seems an impossibility, but something may be done in certain cases. I am myself tall dark-haired, brown-eyed, short-headed. Now in this case the stature may be either Iberian, Keltic, or Teutonic ; the dark hair points to Ligurian ; the brown eyes and short head are likewise Ligurian ; hence I consider myself a specimen of the Ibero-Ligurian mixed race, in which the Ligurian preponderates. The pos- sibility, or rather probability, of an influx of this mixed race distinct from the pure Iberians who built the monuments has scarcely, I think, received due weight. It is well to emphasize the fact that the dark Kelt is not in the least Iberian as regards his hair and eyes, but rather Ligurian.
