s. XIL DEC. 26, loos.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
515
removed the statue of Charles II. with its
pedestal from the centre of Soho Square and
presented it to Mr. Frederick Goodall. The
fact of Mr. Black well having subscribed a
portion, or even the whole, of the cost of laying
out the enclosure of the square as a garden,
could not, in my opinion, confer thisauthority,
and I shall be glad to have an answer to this
question. JOHN HEBB.
GLASS MANUFACTURE (9 th S. xii. 428). A reference to the Index Volumes of 'N. & Q.' will show that the subject of glass-making in England has been exhaustively treated in these pages, from the fifth volume of the First Series down to recent dates. The particular question asked by your correspondent may be elucidated by a repetition of the well- known fact that glass-making in France, whence it came to England, was considered to be a noble art. Hence the phrase of Bernard Palissy : "L'art de la Verrerie est noble, et ceux qui y besongnent sont nobles." That is to say, the glass- making industry formed an exception to the dictum that " La noblesse se perd par le trafic." Many of the poorer nobility in France availed themselves of this liberty to retrieve fallen fortunes, and in course of time richer brethren did the same. These were the " Gentilshommes Verriers," who, either in partnership or for certain dues or royalties, permitted their forests to be used by "Verriers Roturiers." When the art was introduced into England it is probable that the working arrangements were transplanted also. Thus the owner of Knole was the gentleman glass-maker, and Valyan and Ferris, Brussell and " the other young man," his French roturiers. All this and much more that is pertinent and in- teresting your correspondent will find in Grazebrook's ' Henzey Tyttery and Tyzack, "Gentilshommes Verriers" from Lorraine' (Stourbridge, Ford, 1877).
RICHARD WELFORD.
Your correspondent will find in the Anti- quary, May, 1898, a full description of the con- ditions under which the French glass-makers undertook in the year 1567 to introduce their industry. In the document there reproduced the Frenchmen profess themselves desirous of obtaining a " protecteur ou tuteur " as a guarantee against disturbance, and of paying for their protection as well as for the wood consumed. The sites chosen by them were usually on elevated ground, with plenty of bracken and hard wood in the vicinity. Their monopoly, which extended from 1567 to 1588, was not respected, for in 1589 G. Longe states there were fourteen or fifteen glass-houses in
England. MR. BARRETT-LENNARD'S note is
the first intimation of the existence of glass-
making in Sevenoaks, and I hope he may
be induced to publish the full text of his
ancestor's letters in these columns or in the
Antiquary. I am particularly interested in
establishing the nationality of the workmen
employed. The furnace would appear to be
the usual rectangular French furnace, similar"
to that discovered at Buckholt, near Salis-
bury. G. WYNDHAM HULME.
Clare, Sevenoaks.
A law passed in the time of Louis IX. allowed none but gentlemen or the sons of the nobility to establish glass-houses, or even to work therein. Traces of the gentility of the art which thus originated were to be found in France not many years ago, and even in England workmen were accustomed to style themselves "gentlemen glass- blowers "(Tomlinson's ' Cyclop, of the Industr. Arts,' 1866, vol. i p. 759). See also ' Glass,' by Alexander Nesbitt, F.S.A., p. 1-24 seq.
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
IMAGINARY OR INVENTED SAINTS (9 th S. xii. 127, 215, 369). At the Chapelle des Martyrs at Auray (Morbihan), which was built in 1823 to entomb the bones of the Royalists executed by Hoche after the Quiberon Expedition of 1795, 1 have seen various ex-votos and pencilled inscriptions, "Saints Martyrs, priez pour nous." This beginning of a culte is interest- ing. The following list of sanctuaries on the Gave de Pau, the river on which Lourdes is situated, may prove suggestive. The stream rises in the Cirque de Tremousse. Here in the glacier are two large rocks which greatly resemble the seated colossi of Amenophis III. near Luxor. These are said to have been worshipped as goddesses in pagan times,^ and it is well known that the Hautes Pyrenees were frequented by Phoenician traders from Narbonne and Elne, near Perpignan. Below them is the sanctuary of Notre Dame de Heas, on a rock whence two white doves are said to have flown out, one of which flew over the mountain into Spain, where it lighted on the site of the church of Santa Maria de las Nieves, on the Segre, the river which rises on the other side of the watershed, and enters the river Ebro at Saragossa, famous for the great sanctuary of Nuestra Seiiora del Pilar ; whilst the other lighted at Heas Chapel. Next down stream comes Lourdes. Then comes Betarram with a pilgrimage and miraculous statue of Our Lady, famous during the sixteenth and seventeenth cen- turies. Below Betarram is Notre Dame du Pont at Pau. Lastly comes the sanctuary of
