9"- s. viii. OCT. i2,i9oi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
311
CAPT. JONES (9 th S. viii. 244). Do not the
lines quoted refer to Paul Jones, the American
corsair, born at Dumfries in the year 1748,
who died at Kentucky in 1801 1 'if so, his
adventures, taken from his own manuscript
account, left after a residence in France, are
fully given in the ' Wonderful Museum/ by
"William Grainger, Esq.," London, 1804,
i. 270-317. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.
MAN-OF-WAR (7 th S. iv. 428 ; v. 49, 130, 237). The earliest instance of this name being given to a ship that is recorded in your columns is dated 1491. MR. BRADLEY may like to know of a slightly earlier use of the word. On 17 March, 1483/4, William Cely wrote from Calais :
"On Fryday last past on Richard Awrey that was master of my lord Denmanis* schypp jede forthe a warfare in a schypp of hys owne and toke in merchauntes and sett them alond at Dower and at Dower toke in passage to Callez wardd agayne, and as he came to Callez wardd ij men of warre of Frensche mett w* hym and fawght wthym and theyr he was slayne and diversse moo of hys company." ' Cely Papers,' Camden, 1900, p. 144.
Probably others of your readers can give still earlier instances. Q. V.
" OLD ORIGINAL" (9 th S. yiii. 245). A thing may be old without being original, and original without being old. Long years ago there was a warder at the Tower who was fond of directing one's attention to "old ancient" cannon, and so forth. That was less justifiable than " old original."
ST. SWITHIN.
The following quotation from the late William Brocklehurst Stonehouse's 'History of the Isle of Axholme ' may possibly be in some sort an answer to H. J. B.'s question :.
"This epithet of original is frequently made use of in the Isle to designate anything highly esteemed. It has arisen probably from its being applied to the old inhabitants to distinguish them from the Dutch settlers. So even now we have it perpetually used when a man gets a little joyous over his cups : 'You are my original friend,' f. e., as was meant by those who first used the expression, ' You are not one of those scamping Dutchmen, but one of the original or aboriginal inhabitants of the country.' " P. 244.
EDWARD PEACOCK. Dunstan House, Kirton-in-Lindsey.
NATIONAL PECULIARITIES (9 th S. viii. 203 227). With reference to the kind correction of D. whose notes evince a far wider culture and experience than mine my authority for the assertion about Turgeniev was an
"Sir John Denham, Lord Denham or Dynham, Privy Councillor to Edward IV. and to Henry VII., made Lord Treasurer by the latter," Ibid., 145 n.
article on the Russian author by the German
savant Dr. Eugen Zabel in a number of Unsere
Zeit many years ago. I have not the original,
but made a manuscript translation of the
article when lent to me. Dr. Zabel defends
Turgeniev from the charge of hostility to
Germany implied in the supposed odour of
chicory and various other passages, and
instances the old Kapellmeister Christopher
Lemm ('A Nest of Nobles') as a proof to
the contrary. Referring to a biographical
sketch of Turgeniev which appears at the
beginning of the complete edition of his
works (St. Petersburg, Glazunov, 1897), I
find it clearly stated that until 1870*
Turgeniev called himself half a German,
Germany his second fatherland, preferred
German literature to all others, and was in
friendly relations with many German writers.
During the sixties he looked unfavourably
upon Hugo, Dumas, and Balzac, but ten
years later he became the friend of Flaubert,
Augier, Daudet, and the Goncourts, the
protector of Zola and Maupassant, and
esteemed French belles-lettres beyond all
others. The above will, I trust, excuse the
assertion to which D. takes exception.
FRANCIS P. MARCHANT.
Brixton Hill.
UGO FOSCOLO IN LONDON (9 th S. vi. 326; vii. 150, 318, 476 ; viii. 92, 153). The house No. 100, High Road, Chiswick, formerly a portion of the " King of Bohemia " Tavern, where Ugo Foscolo breathed his last, has been pulled down, and with it an interesting land- mark and link with the last century has disappeared ; and it is a curious coincidence that at about the same time the house in Gerrard Street where Dryden died was also pulled down. JOHN HEBB.
KNIFEBOARD OF AN OMNIBUS (9 th S. vii. 487 ; viii. 23, 127). I remember in the middle of 1851 accompanying my grandfather, William Hems, of Whitechapel, to the Great Exhibition at Hyde Park. He was one of the judges. We walked so far as the Mansion House, the spot where the omnibuses then started from. Seeing one without a single passenger upon its knifeboard, I exclaimed, with all the joyous rashness of a ten -year- old, "Come, grandfather, here's one with nobody upon the top." But the dear old gentleman promptly stopped my youthful ardour, remarking, "Never get on to an
- Turgeniev lived at Baden and at Paris in
intimate relations with the family of Madame Viardot (rule Pauline Garcia), for whom he composed libretti in French,
