. vm. DEC. 21, 1901.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
513
given (p. 467), with the titles of five works,
published between 1812 and 1822, on this
subject. To these I may add Chambers's
Edinburgh Journal, First Series, xi. 18, Third
Series, v. 51 ; All the Year Round, First
Series, vi. 516, Second Series, xv. 105 ; Good
Words, v. 35. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.
HAVRE DE GR!CE (9 th S. viii. 422). Havre de Grace in 1516 was merely a fishing village with a chapel dedicated to Notre Dame de Grace. Camden's * History of Elizabeth ' says :
" They should deliver in her hands for Caution Franciscopolis, a Town built by King Francis the First at the Mouth of the Seine, which the English call New-haven and the French Port de Grace or Havre de Grace."
Holinshed's 'Chronicles,' 1587, vol. ii. pp. 1196- 1201, gives an account of the occupation, &c., of Newhaven, or Havre de Grace ; also Hay- ward's 'Annals of the First Four Years of Queen Elizabeth ' (Camden Society).
JOHN RADCLIFFE.
English occupation in 1562-3. See a letter- in 'Hist. MSS. Commission Report on Mr. Eliot Hodgkin's MSS.,' p. 32. The town was then known in England as Newhaven.
A. E. S.
THURLOW AND THE DUKE OF GRAFTON (9 th S. viii. 405, 454). The scene in the House of Lords when Lord Thurlow replied to the Duke of Grafton's uncalled-for attack occurred in June, 1779, just a year after Lord Thurlow's elevation to the peerage. This scene is described by Butler in his ' Reminiscences,' i. 142, and quoted by Lord Campbell in his 'Lives of the Lord Chan- cellors,' v. 533. ROBERT WALTERS.
Ware Priory.
According to the ' Dictionary of National Biography' it was the third Duke of Rich- mond to whom Lord Thurlow applied the epithet "the accident of an accident." The authorities cited are Butler's ' Reminiscences,' Mahon's ' History of England,' and the ' Par- liamentary History.' C. L. S.
STRAWBERRY LEAVES (9 th S. viii. 463). It will be seen from plate xx. in Porny's ' Heraldry ' that the turban portion of the Great Turk's crown is decorated with straw- berry leaves and jewels. The Papal crown owes its triple character to the use of three marquises' coronets, in the form of which, of course, strawberry leaves occur. The early crowns were diadems ; and the diadem is that which is bound across bands or fillets, in fact. Hence the pine, laurel, and parsley crowns of the Grecian games. The vegetable
kingdom very naturally supplied the material
for most of the early crowns. The trefoil as
emblematic of the Trinity may have some
bearing on the case, and it will be observed
that in the crosslets on the royal ball and the
sceptre, the feathers of the Prince of Wales,
and the form of the fleur-de-lis, the threefold
idea occurs. It is supposed that the fleur-de-
lis may have originally represented a battle-
axe or other weapon. The strawberry leaves,
or some conventional trifid equivalent, on the
crown of the Grand Turk would appeal to
the minds of the Crusaders, and would be
readily adopted by them on account of their
religious suggestiveness. It may be that the
strawberry leaves in the coronets are derived
from that source. ARTHUR MAYALL.
Similar questions have appeared in ' N.& Q.' in years gone by. I think the remarks of the Editor on a previous occasion will answer the present querist (6 th S. x. 27) :
"At 5 th S. ii. 129 a similar query is propounded. To this (5 th S. v. 75) MR. F. RULE replied denying that the trefoil floral ornaments of ducal coronets are strawberry leaves, and stating that the question of interest is, why and on whose authority they were so styled. At 5 th S. xii. 114 MR. J. CHURCHILL SIKES supplies an extract from the Gentleman's Magazine of July, 1879, dealing with the whole question, and asserting that the conventional leaves used to decorate coronets were not originally called strawberry leaves, and were at first very unlike them."
EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.
GREEK PRONUNCIATION (9 th S. vii. 146, 351, 449 ; viii. 74, 192, 372). W. H. B. says that the French form of the Latin sal being sel, it follows that the a in sal may have been pronounced with the English a sound I suppose like the a in the word sally. He adds that "no Frenchman would allow that his word was even as much erroneous i.e., had strayed as far from the Latin original as the English word." But, in the first olace, the Italian for sal is sale, in which word the a has its fullest sound, and surely no Italian would allow that his word was even as much erroneous as the French one ; secondly, the English salt does not appear to come from the Latin sal, but, according to Prof. Skeat, from the Anglo-Saxon sealt, so that it is not easy to see what the sound of the a in salt has to do with the sound of the a in sal. W. H. B. goes on to say : " Can any wise man be absolutely sure that the Latin word vas was not pronounced vass by the Romans'? Now the word vas has also the form vasum, and to pronounce vasum vassum is by no means easy. We must also remember that the Italians pronounce their word vaso
