488
NOTES AND QUERIES. [9* s. ix. JUNE 21, 1902.
RIMES IN MOOKE AND CAMPBELL. In the
'Ingoldsby Legends' ('The Cynotaph') the
author says :
Moore and Tom Campbell themselves admil
" spinach" Is perfectly antiphonetic to " Greenwich.
Can any one give me the exact references to Moore and Campbell 1 AYEAHR.
AUTHORS OF BOOKS WANTED "Adrift; or, the Rock in the South Atlantic. A Faithfu] Narrative written from the Diary of Harper Atherton, Surgeon. London, 1861." The British Museum Catalogue enters this under "Atherton, Harper, pseud." The book is not noted by Halkett and Laing. It is remark- able that this striking story has never been reprinted.
"Charles Lysaght, a Novel devoid of Novelty. By P. M. Berton. London, 1873.' The British Museum Catalogue enters this under "Berton, P. M. "; but I have reason to believe that the author's name was Pember- ton. The book is not noted by Halkett and Laing. Q. K. B.
DEAD SEA LEVEL. Sir David Wilkie, when travelling in Palestine in 1841, made an experiment with a barometer in which he believed that he had proved the Dead Sea "greatly below all other seas." Is there any scientific value in this observation by Wilkie?
W. B.
ROBERT FOOTE, son of John Foote, of Can- terbury, was at Westminster School in 1798. I should be glad to obtain further infor- mation concerning him. G. F. R. B.
CHOCOLATE.
(9 th S. viii. 160, 201, 488 ; ix. 53, 213.) IN Manget's ' Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medi- corum ' (folio, Geneva, 1731), torn. i. p. 35, I have found a still earlier work on this sub- ject. It is by Johannes de Cardenas, with the title * Del Chocolate, que provechos haga, y si es bebida salutable, o no/ and was printed at Mexico in 1609. It is notintheBritish Museum. A book called 'Tratado de la naturalega y calidad del Chocolate,' by Antonius Colme- nerus, was published at Madrid in 1631. A French version by Rene Moreau appeared at Paris in 1643, and it was translated into Latin by Marcus Aurelius Severinus, Professor of Anatomy and Surgery in the University of Naples, and published by his friend J. G. Volcamerus at Nuremberg in 1644. The British Museum Catalogue in error attributes
the translation to Volcamerus. The book,
translated into English by Don Diego de
Vadesforte (i.e., James Wads worth), was pub-
lished in London in 1640 (4to) and again in
1652 (8vo). The latter is probably the book
mentioned by MR. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL at
the last reference, though the title as given
in the 'D.N.B.' (under 'Wadsworth') seems
somewhat different. In the preface (I have
used the Latin edition) the author states that
the drinking of chocolate had become quite
common not only in the Indies, from which
it came, but among the Italians, Belgians,
and Spaniards, especially at Court, and that
he hacf seen nothing written about it before,
except by a certain doctor of Marchena. He
explains that chocolate was a sweetmeat or
a drink made from the crushed cocoa-bean,
flavoured with various substances, such as
pepper, vanilla, aniseed, and sugar, of which
last he liked a little, but not too much (p. 11).
It was made up into little balls by the Mexican
women and exposed for sale in the taverns.
W. R. B. PRIDEAUX.
Present or future readers of ' N. & Q.' who may be interested in the history of this popular article of diet may find the follow- ing not unworthy of consideration, as con- tributing to a knowledge of its earlier manu- facture :
"His Majesty having been pleased to grant to Walter Churchman Letters Patent for his new Invention of making Chocolate without Fire, to greater Perfection in all Respects than by the com- mon Method, as will appear by its immediate Dissolving and Smoothness on the Palate, its full Flavour, and the Fineness of the Sediment ; being by this Method made more free from the usual Grit and Roughness so much disliked ; which he refers to the fair and impartial Experiment. This Chocolate he proposes for his common Standard, which is now sold at 5*. per Ib. with Vanelloes at 6. per Ib.
"N.B. The Curious may be supplied with his Chocolate as many Degrees finer than the above Standard, as that exceeds the finest that is sold by the best other Makers, at 6,s. and the Vanelloes at 7.!)'.
" To be sold (only for ready Money) at his Choco- late Warehouse ; at M r John Young's in S: Paul's Churchyard ; and by L. Brouse, Haberdasher of Hats in Great Turnstile, Holbourn." Lond. Eve. Post, 25 April, 1732.
This invention must have marked a decided improvement on the crudeness of its earlier manipulation, for ten years later the death of the inventor is recorded, and the process is still advertised as if it had superseded all others :
"His Majesty having granted to M r Walter Churchman, of Bristol, lately deceas'd intestate, Letters Patent for the sole Use of his new Invention or the expeditious, tine, and clean making of
