captivity. Some planters complain of their propensity to scratch the ground for the purpose of picking up the newly planted corn; but I am of opinion that the scratching has reference exclusively to worms or beetles, their strong legs and feet being well adapted for this purpose; and, generally speaking, they are great favourites, as they commit few depredations on the crops.
This species, as well as the R,obin and some others of this genus, suffer greatly during the autumnal moults, and when in cages at this season, become almost naked of feathers. The young acquire the full beauty of their plumage during the first winter.
Turdus rufus, Linn Syst. Nat. vol. i. p. 293.—Lath. Ind. Ornith. vol. i. p. 338—Ch. Bonaparte, Synops. of Birds of the United States, p. 75.
Ferruginous Thrush, Turdus rufus, Wils. Amer. Ornith. voL ii. p. 83. pi. 14, fig. 1—Nuttall, Manual, vol. i. p. 328.
Orpheus rufus, Fox-coloured Mock-Bird, Swains. and Richards. Fauna BorealiAmer. part ii. p. 189.
Adult Male. Plate CXVI. Fig. 1. 1.
Bill rather long and slender, slightly arched, compressed, acute; upper mandible slightly arched in its dorsal Une and acute edges, the tip declinate; lower mandible nearly straight along the back. Nostrils basal, oblong, half-closed by a membrane. The general form is rather slender and elegant, like that of the Mocking Bird. Feet longish, rather strong; tarsus compressed, anteriorly covered with a few long scutella, sharp behind; toes scutellate above, free; claws compressed, arched, acute.
Plumage soft and blended. Wings of moderate length, rounded, the first primary very short, the fourth and fifth longest. Tail very long, of twelve straight rounded feathers.
Bill black, the base of the lower mandible light blue. Iris yellow. Feet dusky-brown. The general colour of the plumage above is a bright reddish -brown, the quills dusky on their inner webs, and the wings crossed with two white bars margined anteriorly with black, being on the tips of the smaller and secondary coverts. The lower parts are yellowish-white, the breast and sides marked with triangular dark-brown spots, the lower tail-coverts pale brownish-red.
Length 11½ inches, extent of wings 13; bill along the back 1, along the edge 13⁄12; tarsus 14⁄12.
