164 Outlines of European History to the ^gean (see p. 96) and absorbed the Ionian cities. The Persians represented a high civilization and an enlightened rule ; but with these things went lack of free citizenship, political bond- age, and intellectual subjection to religious tradition. Whether or not the Greek states had developed the power to throw off the Asiatic assailant, whose supremacy in Greece would have checked the free development of Greek genius along its own individual lines, — this was the question which now confronted the Hellenes. They little dreamed of the importance which the ensuing struggle would assume for the future career of civilized man. QUESTIONS Section 23. Who overthrew the Greek kings? Who then ruled.? What institutions came in as a result.'* What became of the citadel and king's casde ? Describe Greek commercial and industrial devel- opment in the Age of the Nobles. Who led in these matters .? Who were the chief competitors of the Greeks ? How did the Greeks gain an alphabet. How did such intercourse affect the Greeks? What were the hero songs? Where did they chiefly flourish? To whom were they attributed ? Which of them have come down to us ? How does Hesiod differ from the Homeric singers? Give an account of him and compare him with the Hebrew prophets. Give some ac- count of early Greek gods. Were they free from moral faults ? Section 24. Describe Greek colonization in north and east ; in south and west. Whom did they find as competitors already in the west? Where were the Phoenician colonies? Which was the most famous ? What two racial lines were then facing- each other across the Mediterranean ? Section 25. How did the new colonies affect trade and industry in the homeland ? Describe the growth of commerce. What were the results at Athens? Where was the painted vase of Fig. J^ made and where was it found ? Has the work of its makers been found elsewhere? How did the growth of com.merce affect shipbuilding? How and when did coinage arise ? What class did the introduction of 7noney create ? What effect did it have on the peasants ? Section 26. How did some of the eupatrids make use of the discontent of the people? What is a "tyrant" in this ancient age? Why did the people demand written laws? Whose was the first
