England in the Middle Ages 427 France.^ He added the French emblem of the lilies (fleur-de- lis) to the lions on the English coat of arms (Fig. 165). In 1346 he landed in Normandy with an English army, devas- tated the country and marched up the Seine toward Paris. He met the troops of Philip at Crecy, where a celebrated battle was Battle of fought, in which the English with their long bows and well- ^ ^^' ^^'^ directed arrows put to rout the French knights. Ten years later the English made another incursion into France and again defeated the French cavalry. The French king (John H) was himself captured and carried off to London. The French Parliament, commonly called the Estates Gen- The French eral, came together to consider the unhappy state of affairs. (Estat'es" The members from the towns were more numerous than the General) representatives of the clergy and nobility. A great list of 1 The French kings during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries : Louis IX (St. Louis) (1226-1270) Philip III (1270-1285) Philip IV, the Fair (1285-1314) Charles of Valois, ancestor of the house of Valois Louis X (1314-1316) daugnter John (1316), an infant who died when but a few days old Isabella, m. Philip V Charles IV Edward II (1316-1322) (1322-1328) daughters daughter Philip VI Edward III of England (1328-1350) John II (1350-1364) Charles V Philip, (1364-1380) founder of I the power- Charles VI ful house (1380-1422) of Bur- I gundy Charles VII (1422-1461) Louis XI (1461-1483) Charles VIII (1483-1498)
