66% Outlines of European History Charles's attempts to arrest five members of the House of Commons five of its most active leaders, whom he declared to be traitors. But when he entered the House of Commons and looked around for his enemies, he found that they had taken shelter in London, whose citizens later brought them back in triumph to Westminster, where Parliament held its meetings. Fig. 229. Children of Charles I This very interesting picture, by the Flemish artist Van Dyck, was painted in 1637. The boy with his hand on the dog's head was des- tined to become Charles II of England. Next on the left is the prince, who was later James 11. The girl to the extreme left, the Princess Mary, married the governor of the United Netherlands, and her son became William III of England in 168S (see below, p. 678). The two princesses on the right died in childhood Both Charles and Parliament now began to gather troops The begin- ning of civil c 1 • -11 war, 1642 — lor the inevitable conflict, and England was plunged into civil Cavaliers and Roundheads war. Those who supported Charles were called Cavaliers. They included not only most of the aristocracy and the Catholic party, but also a number of members of the House of Com- mons who were fearful lest Presbyterianism should succeed in
