Index 729 Truce of God, 402 f. Tudor, House of, 434 f., 659 Turks, 460, 461, 467 Twelve Articles of peasants, 598 Tyrants, age of, 1 53 ff. ; civiliza- tion in, I59ff. ; Greek thought in, 162 f. Tyre, 137 f. U'bil-Ish'tar, 66 Ulrich von Hutten, 589, 598 United Netherlands, 629 ff., 678 Unity of history, 316 Universities, medieval, 544 ff., 548 Upper Egypt, 46 Urban II, Pope, 461 Usury, doctrine of, 506 Utrecht, Union of, 630 ; Treaty of, 693 Valentinian III, decree of, 342 Vandals, 318 f., 324 Van Dycic, 560 Van Eyck, the brothers, 559 Vaphio (va'fio), 121, 123 Vasa (va'sa), Gustavus, 648 Vassal, medieval, 397 ff. Vassy, massacre of, 635 Vatican, 525 Vedas (va'daz), 92 Velasquez, 560 Venerable Bede, the, 348, 357 Venetian school of painting, 559 Venice, 459, 472, 503, 504, 5i6ff.; government of, 519 f. Venus, 84, 251 Versailles (ver salz', Eng. pron.) palace of, 684 f. Ves pa'sian, 294 Vesta, 251 and Fig. 113 Vesuvius, 297 Vikings (vrkings), 386 note Vil. See Manor, 394 Villains, 394 Ville, 498 Vir'gil, 280 f. Visigoths. See West Goths Vulgate, 619 Wager of battle, 331 Waldensians, 482 Waldo, Peter, 482 Wales, 422 ff. Wallenstein, 647 f. Walter the Penniless, 463 Walther von der Vogelweide, 541 Wangen (wang'en), 12 Wars of the Roses, 433 f. Wartburg (vart'borg), translation of Bible at, by Luther, 596 Weapons, earliest, 10, 14, 53, 65, 74 f., 95f., 243 f., 248 f. Weaving, earliest, 10 ff., 20, 36 f. Wedge-writing (Sumerian), 60, 62 Wessex, 405 Western mediterranean world, the, 241 ff. West Frankish kingdom, 382, 406 West Goths, 318 f., 327, 329 Westminster Abbey, 409 Westminster, city of, 422 Westphalia, Treaty of, 651 Wheeled vehicles, earliest, 12, 61, 90 William the Conqueror, 407 ff. William and Mary, 679 William of Orange, 678 f., 690 William Rufus, 411 William the Silent, 629 ff. William III, 678 f. Wit'e na ge mot, 410 Wittenberg, 582, 585, 592 Wolfram von Eschenbach, 541 Wolsey, Thomas, Cardinal, 573, 609 f . Wood, early use of, for tools, 3, 7 ; for dwellings, 9 f., 12 ; for furni- ture, 12, 37 Wooden dwellings, earliest. See House Worms, 448 ; Concordat of, 451 f. ; Diet at, 593 ; Edict of, 595 Writing, invention of, 21 ff. ; Egyp- tian, 21 f. ; Sumerian, 60, 62, 66 ; Babylonian, 62, 66; Chaldean, 83 ; Cretan, 117,121,123; Phoe- nician, 139 f.; Aramean, 71; Hebrew, 1 06 ; Greek, 1 30, 1 39 f . ; Etruscan, 246; Roman, 249 ff. Writing materials, earliest, 21 ff., 37. 62, 140 Wyc'liffe, John, 495
