ac- ter of a policy may differ widely and those who secretly advance a policy generally condemned by many, may perhaps claim credit for honest pur- poses. This type of secrecy is common. Unfor- tunately, though it may advance a good object, it incidentally has an evil influence upon public con- fidence. It must be confessed that the distinction here pointed out is difficult to apply in practice in a thoroughly objective manner, because there are probably among diplomats very few indeed who do not persuade themselves at least that the means applied by them are designed to achieve useful purposes.
A good example of how stratagem may be used for a laudable purpose is found in the action of William J. Buchanan, American Minister to Ar- gentina, in adjusting the Chili- Argentinian bound- ary dispute. Buchanan, one of the most original of American diplomats, had nothing whatever of the suave manipulator of the old school of diplo- macy. He was direct to the verge of bruskness, yet his ability to go straight to the essential point, and his mastery and bigness, made him highly successful as a negotiator. In this particular case, Buchanan had been designated, together with a Chilian and an Argentinian representative, on a commission to settle boundary questions and re-
