252
THE PHILOSOPHICAL REVIEW.
both the gratis benefits and the earned benefits which come to every species, we cannot own "two cardinal and opposed principles of animal ethics," we admit as applicable everywhere in Nature, — even when we include deliberately all that belongs to the highest type of life on the earth, — that there must be "sacrifices, partial or complete" in individual experience, — sacrifice even of individual life, — in order that there may be advance toward those higher results for which Nature is manifestly preparing.
Henry Calderwood.
UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH.
