in the hands of Parthia or were seriously threatened by her. Antony, though aware of the situation, took no decisive action during his voyage up the Syrian coast on his way to Greece,[1] for war was on in Italy and his presence there was imperative.
In 39 b.c. Antony was sufficiently in control of the situation at home to begin a new campaign against the Parthians.[2] He had sent Publius Ventidius Bassus in advance into Asia in 40 b.c.,[3] and this officer surprised Labienus with only a small body of local troops, for his Parthian allies were not present at that time. Labienus, unable to offer battle, was forced into Syria, where he was evidently cornered. Both the Romans and the troops of Labienus awaited reinforcements; for the former these were heavy-armed men, for the latter the Parthians. Both received the expected aid on the same day, but Ventidius wisely re-
- ↑ Dio Cass. xlviii. 27; Plut. Antony 30.
- ↑ Appian Bell. civ. v. 65, 75, 132 f.; Gellius Noct. Att. xv. 4; Victor De vir. ill. 85; Dio Cass. xlviii. 39–41 and xlix. 19–22; Eutrop. Brev. vii. 5; Florus ii. 19 f.; Frontinus Strat. i. 1. 6 and ii. 5. 36 f.; Tac. Germ. 37; Josephus Ant. xiv. 392–95 and 420 and Bell. i. 284–92; Justin xlii. 4. 7–11; Juvenal Sat. vii. 199; Livy Epit. cxxvii; Orosius vi. 18. 23; Pliny Hist. nat. vii. 135 (44); Plut. Antony 33 f.; Ruf. Fest. 18; Strabo xii. 2. 11, xiv. 2. 24, xvi. 2. 8; Val. Max. vi. 9. 9; Veil. Pat. ii. 78; Zonaras x. 18 and 22 f. Plutarch drew his information on Antony's movements from the accounts of Quintus Dellius, one of his officers; see Plut. Antony 59. Cf. also ibid. 25; Strabo xi. 13. 3; Horace Od. ii. 3; and the discussion in J, II D, pp. 623–25. It is doubtful whether Dellius covered the campaign of Ventidius; see O. Hirschfeld, "Dellius ou Sallustius," Mélanges Boissier (Paris, 1903), pp. 293–95.
- ↑ Appian Bell. civ. v. 65.
