Page:Primary Lessons In Swatow Grammar.djvu/17

thiau-bú,

to dance.

bûn-ngiá,

elegant.

hong-hiám,

dangerous.

huaⁿ-hí,

delight.

khùang-iá,

desert

khî-khá,

dexterity.

húi-pãng,

to slander.

miáu-sĩ,

to despise.

tong-hõu,

just.

kò-sõng,

to prosecute.

uaⁿ-chẽⁿ,

quiet.

heng-uãng,

to prosper.

hêng-hua̍t,

punish.

hâng-ho̍k,

submit.

iú-ho̍k,

to tempt.

chhut-la̍t,

diligent.

ti̍t-ti̍t,

direct.

hun-pie̍t,

to discriminate.

lãu-tōa,

old.

àu-biāu,

profound.

iu-būn,

sorrow.

tàⁿ-ūe,

to speak.

kong-sṳ̄,

public business.

pêⁿ-iēⁿ,

the same.

hek-àm,

darkness.

chhim-àu,

deep.

chha-chhò,

error.

hõng-hièn,

to offer up.

hok-khì,

blessedness.

heh-thò,

to deter by threats.

khin-hut,

to despise.

chũe-ak,

wickedness.

ài-sieh,

love.

chai-sek,

knowledge.

chãu-chak,

to make.

hiáng-hok,

to enjoy prosperity.

im,

a tone; the tone of a word.

chiàⁿ-im,

the book or mandarin tone.

thóu-im; pe̍h-im,

the local tone.

pńg-im,

its own proper tone which a word has when spoken alone.

pièn-im; liên-im,

the changed tone which a word has when in combination. Thus, in the Chinese word for wickedness, ok is the book pronunciation, ak is the thóu-im, or the local pronunciation. Ak (upper entering) is it own proper tone. Ak (lower entering) is the changed tone used in combination. e.g. ak-nâng, a bad man.

gṳ́; im-gṳ́,

brogue; localisms in pronunciations or words.

i ũ lân-ló gṳ́,

he has somewhat of a brogue.

Tiê-iêⁿ-gṳ́,

Tie-ie pronunciation.

phîⁿ-im,

nasal tone, as in piⁿ, tiⁿ, suaⁿ.

u-im; hoh-im,

aspirated tone, as in thân, thi, chhi. There are some other distinctions in tone, a knowledge of which is not essential, but which are mentioned because they may be useful to the pupil in trying the better to understand his teacher.

tûn-im,

labials, as in, bô, pí, pá.

khí-im,

dentals, as in, si, chí, hí.

kauh-chi̍h-im,

linguals made by bending the tongue, as in lo, la, lu.