Page:Principles of Political Economy Vol 1.djvu/382

in keeping the increase of population within the increase of national wealth. In a table, drawn up by Professor Rau,^[1] of the rate of annual increase of the populations of various

1. The following is the table (see p. 168 of the Belgian translation of Mr. Rau's large work):

   		Per cent.
   United States. . .	1820-30	2•92
   Hungary (according to Rohrer). .		2•40
   England. . . . . . .	1811-21	1•78
   ⁠,,⁠. . . . . . .	1821—31. . .	1•60
   Austria (Rohrer). . . . . . . . . . . . . .		1•30
   Prussia. . . . . . . . .	1816—27. . .	1•54
   ⁠,,⁠. . . . . . .	1820—30. . .	1•37
   ⁠,,⁠. . . . . . .	1821—31. . .	1•27
   Netherlands. . . . .	1821—28. . .	1•28

   		Per cent.
   Scotland. . . . . . . . .	1821—31. .	1•30
   Saxony. . . . . . . . .	1815—30. .	1•15
   Baden. . 1820-30 (Heunisch)		1•13
   Bavaria. . . . . . . . .	1814—28. .	1•08
   Naples. . . . . . . . .	1814—24. .	0•83
   France. . . . . 1817-27 (Mathieu)		0•63
   and more recently (Moreau de ⁠Jonnès). . . . . . . .		0•55

   But the number given by Moreau de Jonnès, he adds, is not entitled to implicit confidence.

   The following table given by M. Quetelet (Sur l'Homme et le Developpement de ses Facultés, vol. i. ch. 7), also on the authority of Rau, contains additional matter, and differs in some items from the preceding, probably from the author's having taken, in those cases, an average of different years:

   	Per cent.		Per cent.		Per cent.
   Ireland . . . .	2·45	Rhenish Prussia. .	1·33	Naples. . . .	0·83
   Hungary . . .	2·40	Austria . .	1·30	France . . .	0·63
   Spain . . .	1·66	Bavaria . .	1·08	Sweden . .	0·58
   England . .	1·65	Netherlands .	0·94	Lombardy . .	0·45

   A very carefully prepared statement, by M. Legoyt, in the Journal des Economistes for May 1847, which brings up the results for France to the census of the preceding year 1846, is summed up in the following table:

   	⁠According ⁠to the ⁠census.	⁠According to ⁠the excess of births over ⁠deaths.			⁠According ⁠to the ⁠census.		⁠According to ⁠the excess of births over ⁠deaths.
   	——————	——————			——————		——————
   	per cent.	per cent.			per cent.		per cent.
   Sweden. . . .	0·83	1·14		Wurtemburg. . .	0·01		1·00
   Norway . .	1·36	1·30		Holland . .	0·90		1·03
   Denmark . .	...	0·95		Belgium . .	...		0·76
   Russia . .	...	0·61		Sardinia . .	1·08		...
   Austria . .	0·85	0·90		Great Britain	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$
   Prussia . .	184	1·18		(exclusive		1·95	1·00
   Saxony . .	1·45	0·90		of Ireland)
   Hanover . .	...	0·85		France . .	0·68		0·50
   Bavaria . .	...	0·71		United States	3·27		...