xii
contents.
Chapter VII. On the Probable Futurity of the Labouring Classes. Page § 1. The theory of dependence and protection no longer applicable to the condition of modern society333 2. The future well-being of the labouring classes principally dependent on their own mental cultivation338 3. Probable effects of improved intelligence in causing a better adjustment of population — Would be promoted by the social independence of women340 4. Tendency of society towards the disuse of the relation of hiring and service341 5. Examples of the association of labourers with capitalists345 6. — of the association of labourers among themselves352 7. Competition not pernicious, but useful and indispensable376 BOOK V. ON THE INFLUENCE OF GOVERNMENT. Chapter I. Of the Functions of Government in general. § 1. Necessary and optional functions of government distinguished381 2. Multifarious character of the necessary functions of government382 3. Division of the subject388 Chapter II. Of the General Principles of Taxation. § 1. Four fundamental rules of taxation390 2. Grounds of the principle of Equality of Taxation392 3. Should the same percentage be levied on all amounts of income?395 4. Should the same percentage be levied on perpetual and on terminable incomes?400 5. The increase of the rent of land from natural causes a fit subject of peculiar taxation407 6. A land tax, in some cases, not taxation, but a rent-charge in favour of the public410 7. Taxes falling on capital, not necessarily objectionable412
