45 principally uric acid, with a small proportion of the phosphates.
66 principally phosphates, but containing a small quantity of uric acid.
12‘phosphates only.
5 uric acid, and phosphates on a nucleus of oxalate of lime.
6 chiefly oxalate of lime.
It is observed by Mr. Brande, that calculi from the bladder, consisting of uric acid, contain a larger proportion of animal matter combined with it, than is usually found in kidney—calculi. One calculus, weighing twenty-five grains, being digested for two hours in water, lost 5-;- grains, which were found, after evaporation of the water, to be principally urea, combined with some muriate of ammonia, and a little of the triple phosphate of magnesia. -
Sixty of another calculus also yielded 5'2 of urea to alcohol; and being afterwards treated with acetic acid, they lost six more grains by solution of triple phosphate, and the remaining 48'8 were pure uric acid. It is observed, that the presence of the triple phosphate along with uric acid, would occasion all the phenomena that have been ascribed to a supposed urate of ammonia.
Of Calculi from other animals, examined by M r. Brande.—One from the kidney of a horse contained 76 phosphate of lime, 22 carbonate of lime : another from the bladder of a horse, 45 phosphate of lime, 28 triple phosphate of magnesia, 10 carbonate of lime, and 15 animal matter.
Calculi from the bladder of an ox Were found to be carbonate of lime with animal matter.
A calculus from a sheep’s kidney contained 72 phosphate of lime, 20 carbonate of lime, and 8 animal matter.
The sediment from the urine of a rhinoceros was principally carbonate of lime, with a small proportion of phosphate of lime.
A large calculus, from the bladder of an old dog, contained 64 phosphate of lime. 30 ammoniacal phosphate of magnesia, and 6 of animal matter.
A calculus from a hog’s bladder was principally carbonate of lime.
One from a rabbit contained phosphate of lime, and carbonate of lime, nearly in equal quantities.
Because of the difiiculty of accounting for the formation of oxalate of lime, Mr. Brande has frequently examined the urine of calculcus patients, but has never been able to detect it, either there or in healthy urine.
With respect to the use of solvents, it is observed, that those which
have been recommended, under different circumstances, are of two kinds, acid or alkaline, opposite in their nature to each other, and accordingly each liable to occasion whatever the other is adapted to remove. The alkalies may prevent the formation of uric calculi, but will increase the disposition to form the phosphates. So also the acid, which dissolves the earthy phosphates, will at least have no action upon a nucleus of uric acid, and may occasion it to be increased by a fresh deposition.
