radiometer, an instrument rivalling the bolometer in the measurement of small amounts of radiation. Its sensitiveness and accuracy were obtained in part by the use of a quartz fibre to suspend the coil, in part by the admirable design of every portion of the instrument. Professor Boys was the first to show its value in an investigation into the radiation received from the moon and stars.
In his great research on the value of the Newtonian constant of attraction, Professor Boys used quartz fibres to measure the gravitation forces between small bodies by the Michell-Cavendish torsion method. He redesigned the whole of the apparatus, and, calculating what should be the dimensions and arrangements to give the best results, he was led to the remarkable conclusion that accuracy was to be gained by a very great reduction in the size of the apparatus. This conclusion he justified by a determination of the value of the Newtonian constant, which is now accepted as the standard.
Professor Boys has also made some remarkable studies by a photographic method of the motion of projectiles, and of the air through which they pass.
All his work is characterised by the admirable adjustment of the different parts of the apparatus he uses to give the best results. His instruments, are, indeed, models of beauty of design.
Romford Medal.
Professor Philip P. Lenard and Professor W. C. Röntgen.
In the case of the Rumford Medal, the Council have adopted a course, for which there are precedents in the awards of the Davy Medal, but which is, as far as the Rumford Medal itself is concerned, a new departure. They have decided to award the Medal m duplicate. It has often happened in the history of science that the same discovery has been made almost simultaneously and quite independently by two observers, but the joint recipients of the Rumford Medal do not stand in this relation to each other. Bach of them may fairly claim that his work has special merits and characteristics of its own. To day, however, we have to deal, not with points of difference, but with points of similarity. There can be no question that a great addition has recently been made to our knowledge of the phenomena which occur outside a highly exhausted tube through which an electrical discharge is passing. Many physicists have studied the luminous and other effects which take place within the tube ; but the extension of the field of inquiry to the external space around it is novel and most important. There
can be no doubt that this extension is chiefly due to two men Professor Lenard and Professor Röntgen.
