The most remarkable Cephalopoda are Goniatites crenistria, Phil., G. mixolobus, Phil., Orthoceras scalare, Goldf., and 0. striolatum, v. Mey., which occur in Hesse, Nassau, Westphalia, the Harz, Belgium, England, and Ireland, and thus serve as a strong palaeontological proof of the contemporaneity of the two types of the inferior Carboniferous formation, the Culm and the Mountain-Limestone. The first and third of these species have likewise been met with in the Culm of Moravia. The presence of Orthoceras giganteum, Sow. (a form with a large sub cylindrical shell and a broad slightly excentric siphon, spherically inflated in each chamber), has been clearly ascertained ; this species has hitherto been found only in the typical Carboniferous Limestone of Belgium, England, and Ireland ; its ocrence in Lower Silesia is rare. Some forms related to Cyrtoceras Gesneri (a Belgian and English species) occur; and E. Romer has described specimens of Nautilus bilobatus, Sow., a species previously found only in England and Ireland.
The Pteropoda are represented by a species of Conularia. Among the Heteropoda are Bellerophon tenuifascia, Sow., B. hiulcus, Mart., B. Witryanus, Ron., and B. decussatus, Flem. The first of these species has been found in the Carboniferous Limestone of Belgium, England, Ireland, Ratingen near Dusseldorf, and Tennessee. The most abundant Gasteropoda are Euomphalus catillus, Mart., and E. Dionysii, Montf., both widely distributed forms, and Cirrus spiralis, Phil. Of the same class we have also Chemnitzia Lefebvrei, Leveille, Littorina biserialis, Kon., Buccinum imbricatum, Phil., Pleurotomaria canaliculata, M'Coy, P. virgulata, Kon., Murchisonia Verneuiliana, Kon., M. angulosa, Phil., and M. gracilis, Goldf.
The Lamellibranchiata include a considerable number of new forms ; they are particularly characterized by the presence of numerous Pectinidae, as in the Irish Carboniferous limestone ; next to these come a number of forms allied to Cypricardia, and to the genus usually known as Sanguinolites. Pecten Phillipsii, Goldf. (described by M'Coy from the Irish Carboniferous limestone under the name of P. Sowerbyi), is especially abundant. Other species of the same group noticed by the author are Pecten Ottonis, Goldf., P. ellipticus, Phil., P. granulosus, Phil., and P. granosus, Sow. Other Lamellibranchiata mentioned are Avicula lepida, Goldf., Nucula clavata, M'Coy, Pinna spatula, M'Coy, Corbula senilis, Phil., Sanguinolites variabilis, M'Coy, Cypricardia rhombea, Phil., C. semisulcata, Sow., Cardinia subparallela , Portl. (an Irish species also obtained by Kaiserling from Petschora-land, and by Dames from the Devonian of Rittberg), Area prisca, Goldf., and Cuculloea tenuistria, M'Coy. Conocardia are very rare ; the author has obtained only a few small specimens of the common C. aliforme, Sow. Allerisma sulcatum, Phil., a characteristic species of the Carboniferous Limestone of England and Russia is not unfrequent; and A. regulare, King, has been detected. Posidonomya. Becheri, Bronn, one of the most characteristic fossils of the true Culm in Nassau, Westphalia, the Harz, Moravia, and England, was met with only at Rothwaltersdorf.
